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1、2022年考博英语-中国农业科学院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The qualities demanded by the government were of a practical, moral and ethical nature, the objective being to perpetuate Confucian traditions which were（ ）in maintaining stability and sanctioning the imperial rule.问题1选项A.usefulB.essentialC.instrumentalD.vital
2、【答案】C【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项useful“有用的”；B选项essential“必不可少的”；C选项instrumental“有帮助的”；D选项vital“极其重要的”。虽然四个词放在题目中均读得通，但根据题意，我们选择最合适的，即B选项。句意：政府所要求的质量带有实在、道德伦理的本质，孔子传统对于维持稳定、认可帝国统治是的，这便是保持孔子传统的目的。因此C选项正确。2. 单选题The day was breaking and people began to go to work so the murderer was unable to（ ）of the body.问题1选项A
3、.dispenseB.disposeC.discardD.discharge【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项dispense“分配，分发”；C选项discard“丢弃，抛弃”；D选项discharge“卸货，放出”。句意：因为天亮了人们开始去上班，所以凶手无法处理尸体。此外，dispose与of为固定搭配，意思是“处置，处理”。所以只有B选项符合。3. 单选题On behalf of my company, I am（ ）to you and your colleagues for your generous help.问题1选项A.subjectedB.inclinedC.availa
4、bleD.obliged【答案】D【解析】考查短语搭配。A选项subject与to搭配，意思是“隶属于”；B选项incline to“倾向于”；C选项available to“供给”；D选项obliged to“感激”，句意：我代表我的公司，对你和你的同事们的慷慨帮助表示感谢。A，B，C项都不符合题意，故选D。4. 单选题The prodigal son spent his money extravagantly and soon after he left home he was reduced to a beggar.问题1选项A.lavishlyB.economicallyC.thrif
5、tilyD.extrovertly【答案】A【解析】考查副词辨析。extravagantly在句中是“挥霍无度地”；A选项lavishly“浪费地”；B选项economically“经济地，经济学地”；C项thriftily“节俭地”；D选项extrovertly“外向地”。句意：这个浪子挥霍钱财，离家不久就沦为乞丐。根据选项，只有A项符合。5. 翻译题1. Translate the following passage into Chinese.Water is a limited natural resource and a public good fundamental for life
6、 and health. The human right to water is indispensable for leading a life in human dignity. It is a prerequisite for the realization of other human rights. The Committee has been confronted continually with the widespread denial of the right to water in developing as well as developed countries. Ove
7、r 1 billion persons lack access to a basic water supply, while several billion do not have access to adequate sanitation, which is the primary cause of water contamination and diseases linked to water. The continuing contamination, depletion and unequal distribution of water is exacerbating existing
8、 poverty. States have to adopt effective measures to realize, without discrimination, the right to water.【答案】参考译文：水是一种有限的自然资源，是人们生活和健康的公共基本物质。水的权力是人类尊严的生活所必不可少的，是实现其他所有人权的先决条件。委员会一直面临着发展中国家以及发达国家对水的权力的普遍反对。超过十亿人缺乏基本的水供给，而数十亿人没有适当的卫生设施，而这是水污染和水有关的疾病的主要原因。持续的污染、损耗和水的分配不均加剧了目前的贫困状况。国家应该放下歧视，采取有效措施来实现水权
9、。6. 单选题After continual bickering on questions of strategy, Li finally exhausted Tsengs patience by refusing to draft for him a memorial（ ）he took exception.问题1选项A.of whichB.to whichC.from whichD.out of which【答案】B【解析】考查固定搭配。take exception to“不以为然，反对”。这里是将介词提前，和which引导定语从句，因此B选项正确。句意：不停地争论策略问题后，李终于因为拒
10、绝为茨奥设计他的纪念物而耗尽了茨奥的耐心。因此B选项正确。7. 不定项选择题Perhaps the real virtue of the UglyRipes “ugliness,” which is nothing compared with the deformed beauty of true heirloom tomatoes, is that it helps us see how strange the uniformity of regular winter tomatoes really is. For a backyard grower, taste is everything
11、. But in commercial production, taste is an abstraction. It is whats left after all the other criteria for a good commercial tomato have been met: disease resistance, regular shape, consistent ripening, the ability to withstand picking and packing and shipping, a long shelf life. Taste is too subjec
12、tive, according to the Florida Tomato Committee, to judge tomatoes by.The UglyRipe may be a better tomato. After all, its growers have selected for better taste, not perfect shape. But one thing that would certainly make the UglyRipe a better tomato is a different way of growing it. Santa Sweets pro
13、duces organic UglyRipes, but they are few and hard to find. It now grows its conventional tomatoes without using agricultural chemicals that carry reproductive risksbut it still uses methyl bromide, a powerful, ozone-depleting pesticide, to fumigate the soil in which conventional UglyRipes grow.Unde
14、r the terms of the Montreal Protocol, the use of methyl bromide was supposed to be phased out completely by January 2005. But for the past few years, the Bush administration has claimed an exemption for “critical uses,” one of which is growing winter tomatoes in Florida. We used to consider it a lux
15、ury to eat fruits and vegetables out of season. But what we eat out of season has been machined to withstand the rigors of the supply chain and produced in ways that only our ignorance can sustain. The truth is that there is no luxury-nor critical usein it. Even an ugly, better-tasting winter tomato isnt worth the price.59. The word “machined” in the last paragraph means（ ）.60. The criteria for a good commercial tomato does not include（ ）.61.（ ）makes the UglyRipe better.62. Methyl bromide is used to（ ）.63. Methyl bromide, a powerful ozone
