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1、2022研究生入学-英语一考试全真模拟卷（附答案带详解）1. 问答题：Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emi
2、grationone of the great folk wanderings of historyswept from Europe to America. 1. This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.2. The United States is the product of two p
3、rincipal forcesthe immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchme
4、n, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. 3. But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintainin
5、g old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American.4. The first shiploads of im
6、migrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and -16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travele
7、rs to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they survived on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ships were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the
8、 vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay.To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brought almost inexpressible relief. Said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists first glimps
9、e of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 5. The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and
10、naval stores.答案： 本题解析：美国是两种主要力量的产物：思想习俗和民族特点各不相同的欧洲移民，以及变更了这些特征的新国家所产生的影响。结构分析：本句主体结构为简单句，可直接翻译；句尾为两个名词性结构，第一个名词性结构由with介词短语修饰，为求简练，可直接翻译为前置定语结构，第二个名词性结构由定语从句修饰，定语从句结构较为简单，因此亦可翻译为前置定语成分。内容要点分析：be the product of可翻译为“是的产物；产生于”；按照上下文，immigration可翻译为“移民活动”，European peoples可翻译为“欧洲各民族”；traits指代“varied ide
11、as, customs, and national characteristics”，可翻译为“特征”。2. 问答题：Read he following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journa
12、ls, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was. I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 tim
13、es more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia. (46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.Why is so much b
14、ad science published? A recent paper, titled “The Natural Selection of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Societys open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and important question. It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of care
15、er advancement positively encourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication, which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: (47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would hav
16、e been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the number.(48) Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicants papers. This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, t
