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1、虚拟语气讲解与巩固练习1. 规则虚拟：即含if 从句的复合句，表示与事实相反。具体时态搭配为：时间if从句主句对将来did(were) / were to + do / should + dowould / could / might / should + do对现在did(were)同上对过去had donewould / could / might / should + have done注意：1) 虚拟中的倒装：如if从句中含should, had, were等，可将其置于句首，且省略if。 2) (含蓄虚拟)介短、副词代替if从句：如without, but for (如果没有), o
2、r, otherwise3)（错综虚拟）交叉时间虚拟：即主、从句不在同一时间，注意各自的时态。4) 虚拟与非虚拟：即一句与事实相反，用虚拟；另一句与事实一致，用实际时态。2.名词性从句中的虚拟：表示建议、要求、劝告、命令类词 + 名从中的虚拟，从句动词:(should) do适用词群：advise, ask, demand, desire, direct(指导，要求), insist, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest, urge等及其它们的名词、形容词、过去分词等，后跟名从。 注意：当insist为“坚持已发生或存在的事
3、实”，suggest为“暗示、表明”时，要用陈述语气，即实际时态。suggest, insist不表示建议 或坚持要某人做某事时，即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时，宾语从句用陈述语气。 判断改错： （错） You pale face suggests that you（should）be ill.（对） Your pale face suggests that you are ill. （错） I insisted that you（should）be wrong. （对） I insisted that you were wrong.3. wish等词 + 从句：从句时态向后退一格：
4、即表示现在、将来用did / were / was; 表示过去用had done。适用词群：wish, as if /though, If only(要就好了), would rather, It is (about / high) time 等。4. 情态动词 + have done 表虚拟：should / ought to have done 本应该做（实际没做，含“责备”之意） could / might have done 本可以做（实际未做） neednt have done 本没必要做 (实际做了)would like / love to have done would rath
5、er have done 本来想要做某事(但未做)had better have done 5. 句型：1) If it were not for, I would / should / might / could + do “要不是，我现在就。”（对现在的虚拟） If it had not been for, I would / should / might / could + have done. “要不是，我当时就。”（对过去的虚拟） 2) It is important / necessary / natural / strange + 从句 It is a shame / pity
6、/ no wonder+ 从句. 以上从句谓语动词皆为：(should) do 3) had hoped / expected / intended / planned /+ to do 本希望 / 打算做(但未做成)以下为讲解的例句部分：规则虚拟句例句：If they were here, they would help you. 如果他们在这儿，会帮助你的。含义：They are not here, they cant help you.例如：If he had come yesterday, I should / would have told him about it.如果他昨天来的话
7、，我会把这件事告诉他的。 含义：He did not come yesterday, so I did not tell him about it.例如：If you succeeded, everything would be all right. 如果你将来成功了，一切都会好的。 If you should succeed, everything would be all right. If you were to succeed, everything would be all right. 含义：You are not likely to succeed, everything wil
8、l be what it is now.错综混合条件句例句 有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。例如：If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。 （从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）If it had rained last night（过去）, it would be very cold today （现在）.如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。虚拟条件句的倒装 例句虚拟条件句的从句部分含有
9、were, should, 或had时, 可省略if，再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首，实行倒装。例如： Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us.他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。 Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him.你来得早一点，就碰到他了。 Should it rain, the crops wo
10、uld be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨，庄稼就有救了。注意：在虚拟语气的从句中，动词be的过去时态一律用were，不用was，即在从句中be用were代替。例如： If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你，就会去找他。 If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿，一切都会好的。 典型例题 _ to do the work, I should do it some other day.A. I
11、f were I B. I wereC. Were ID. Was I 答案_ 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词，通常将if省略，主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意，在虚拟条件状语从句中，省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do, 而不能说 Werent I to do。名词性从句虚拟例句I suggest that we （should） hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。 He insisted that he （should
12、） be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。 My idea is that we（should）get more people to attend the conference.我的想法是让更多的人来参加会议。 I make a proposal that we（should）hold a meeting next week.我提了个建议，下周我们开个会。16.6 wish的用法 1）wish后面的从句，表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。其宾语从句的动词形式为：主句从句从句动作先于主句动词动作（be的过去式为 were）现在时过去时从句动作与主句动作同时发生（had
13、 + 过去分词）过去时过去完成时将来不大可能实现的愿望将来时would/could +动词原形例如：I wish I were as tall as you.我希望和你一样高。 He wished he hadnt said that. 他希望他没讲过那样的话。 I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。2）wish to do；wish sb / sth to do。例如： I wish to see the manager. = I want to see the manager. 我希望见一见经理。 I wish the manager to b
14、e informed at once. （= I want the manager to be informed at once.）我希望经理能马上得到消息。 16.7 比较if only与only if only if表示只有；if only则表示如果就好了。If only也可用于陈述语气。例如：I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。If only the alarm clock had rung.当时闹钟响就好了。If only he comes early.但愿他早点回来。16.8 It is （high） time t
15、hat It is （high） time that 后面的从句谓语动词要用过去式或用should加动词原形，但should不可省略。例如： It is time that the children went to bed. 孩子们该睡觉了。 It is high time that the children should go to bed.16.9 need 不必做和本不必做 didnt need to do表示过去不必做某事, 事实上也没做。 neednt have done表示过去不必做某事, 但事实上做了。例如：John went to the station with the car to meet Mary, s
