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1、2022年考博英语-浙江工商大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Most of the flights have a baggage （ ）of 44 lbs per passenger.问题1选项A.budgetB.reservationC.allowanceD.limitation【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项budget“预算”；B选项reservation“预约，预定”；C选项allowance“津贴，零用钱”；D选项limitation“限制，限度”。句意为：大多数航班乘客的行李限重44磅。limitation“限制，限度”符合题意，故答案为D。2.
2、 单选题 By the mid-nineteenth century, the term “icebox” had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-lo
3、oking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865), as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, wen
4、t to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, the icebox, a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented. Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of h
5、eat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The commonsense notion that the best icebox was one that prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included
6、 wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox. But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, Thomas Moore, had been o
7、n the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, for which the village of Georgetown was the market center. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of
8、his competitors to pay a premium price for his butter, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks. One advantage of his icebox, more explained, was that farmers would no longer have to travel to market at night in order to keep their produce cool.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?2. Accord
9、ing to the passage, which of the following was an obstacle to the development of the icebox?3. The word “rudimentary” (Line 3, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to（ ）.4. According to the information in the second paragraph, an ideal icebox would（ ）.5. The author describes Thomas Moore as having been “o
10、n the right track” (Lines 1-2, Para. 3) to indicate that（ ）.问题1选项A.The influence of ice on the diet.B.The development of refrigeration.C.The transportation of goods to market.D.Sources of ice in the nineteenth century.问题2选项A.The use of insufficient insulation.B.Inadequate understanding of physics.C.
11、The lack of a network for the distribution of ice.D.Competition among the owners of refrigerated freight cars.问题3选项A.growingB.necessaryC.undevelopedD.uninteresting问题4选项A.stop air from circulatingB.allow ice to melt slowlyC.use blankets to conserve iceD.completely prevent ice from melting问题5选项A.Moore
12、s actions were honestB.Moores family was prosperousC.Moores design was fairly successfulD.Moores farm was close to the Washington markete D. completely prevent ice from melting【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.【试题答案】B【试题解析】主旨大意题。分析文章，第一段讲了“冰盒”这个冰箱原始的名称出现的时间，以及时间上的发展。第二段和第三段都是围绕冰箱，也就是制冷的发展的各个方面来展开的。
13、故正确答案选B。2.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节判断题。定位到文章第二段“In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. 19世纪早期，人们关于热物理学的知识十分有限，而这对于制冷科学是至关重要的”和最后一句“Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the deli
14、cate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox. 直到19世纪末，发明家才实现了高效冰箱所需的隔热和流通的微妙平衡。”由此可知，答案选B。3.【试题答案】C【试题解析】语义推测题。定位到文章第二段第二句“In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. 19世纪早期，人们
15、关于热物理学的知识十分有限，而这对于制冷科学是至关重要的”。本句rudimentary是句子的表语，主语是the knowledge of the physics of heat；结合本段最后一句话，分析上下文语境得出：19世纪早期的热物理知识发展是不足的。这里rudimentary 意思是“粗浅的，不先进的”，所以正确答案选C。4.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节推断题。第二段中讲：制造一个高效的冰箱并不像我们现在想象的那么容易。19世纪早期，人们关于热物理学的知识十分有限，而这对于制冷科学是至关重要的。当时最常见的说法是，最好的冰盒是阻止冰融化的，这当然是错误的，因为就是冰的融化产生冷却作用。尽管如此，早期的努力包括用毯子把冰包裹起来，这样冰就不能发挥作用了。直到19世纪末，发明家才实现了高效冰箱所需的隔热和流通的微妙平衡。由此可判断A、C和D都不符合，答案选B。5.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。定位到文章第三段第三句“When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in t
