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1、. -第一单元文化1.munication breakdown sometimes takes place not only because of language, but more frequently because of cultural differences. A、what is culture1) Culture is a very e*tensive concept, it is very difficult to define it strictly and accurately, because culture involves too much. what we see
2、in usual just like we see the edge of an iceberg, though it has been rather big, there still far more that we can not see.2) Culture is a learned pattern of behavior, and is a way in which a person lives his life. It is an integral part of every society, and creates a feeling of belonging and togeth
3、erness among the people of that society. Every society has a different culture, which gives it an identity and uniqueness.3) Culture is the way of life of a group of people developed over time and passed down from generation to generationWe have to remember that, most of the time, the different ways
4、 that are the customs of different cultures are neither right nor wrong. It is simply that different people do the same things in different manners.B、Could you please give an e*ample and make a brief analysisE*ample:For e*ample, if you cooked a meal, and you asked a Dutch person, how was it He said:
5、 yes, I like it. That means he really liked it. But once you had this answer from a person from high-conte*t culture, such as China, you have to think: Does he really like my meal Or just dont want me to lose face. E*ample : Steve and Yaser first met in their chemistry class at an American universit
6、y. Yaser was an international student from Jordan. He was e*cited to get to know an American. He wanted to learn more about American culture. Yaser hoped that he and Steve would bee good friends.At first, Steve seemed very friendly. He always greeted Yaser warmly before class. Sometimes he offered t
7、o study with Yaser. He even invited Yaser to eat lunch with him. But after the semester was over, Steve seemed more distant. The two former classmates didnt see each other very much at school. One day Yaser decided to call Steve. Steve didnt seem very interested in talking to him. Yaser was hurt by
8、Steves change of attitude. Steve said we were friends,Yaser plained. and I said friends were friends forever.Analyze: Americans use the word friend in a very general way. They may call both casual acquaintances and close panions friendsAmerican friendships develops quickly, and they may change just
9、as quickly.2. In the te*t munication Breakdown, we get to know that language is probably not always the most important reason for cross-cultural munication breakdown. What could be other reasons for such breakdown Please analyze the issue with real life e*amples.1)E*ample：AisanEnglishlearner;Bisanat
10、iveEnglishspeaker.AonedayjumpedintoBsarmsandfeltsorry,Imsorry.B:Imsorry,too.A:Imsorrythree.B:WhatareyousorryforA:Imsorryfive.2E*planation:AWesternersoftenthinkthebestwaytomunicateisforeveryonetospeakdirectly.Oncealltheinformationhasbeenshared,adecisioncanbemade.Theypayattentiontowords,ratherthancont
11、e*t.BButpeoplefromahighconte*tcultureoftenmunicateindirectly.Cultureisaverye*tensiveconcept,itisverydifficulttodefineitstrictlyandaccurately.Cultureisthewayoflifeofagroupofpeopledevelopedovertimeandpasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration.Cultureisthatple*wholewhichincludesknowledge,belief,art,morals,la
12、w,customs,andothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.Cultureincludestheorganizationofproduction,thestructureofthefamily,thestructureofinstitutionwhiche*pressorgovernsocialrelationships,thecharacteristicformsthroughwhichmembersofthesocietymunicate.Cultureseemstobe(almost)everythinga
13、ndculturalstudiesthestudyof(almost)everything.Cultureisalsosomethingthatmanlearnsfromhisfamilyandsurroundings,leadinghimtoliveamorefortableandbetterlife.3.What is your understanding of culture pare culture to another concrete thing (as we have culture is an iceberg in te*tbook) and e*plain your reas
14、ons with e*amples.Culture is just like an iceberg. What Datong accepted were aspects of American culture that were easily observed and often referred to as objective culture. But most of his culture which was below the surface of his awareness, not easily observed referred to as subjective culture i
15、s that of traditional Chinese culture.第二单元希腊神话1.The appearance of characters from Greek mythology in everyday speech is undoubtedly a modest evidence of the active role played by Greek myths. For instance, a huge or heroic task is said to be Herculean, which is in tribute to the Greek mythological hero
