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1、宾语从句要点及考点分析归纳宾语从句的功能相当于名词词组，在句子中充当宾语。该从句是中学阶段的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到，并且每年的命题各有变化。本文欲就历届高考试题涉及到该从句考查的焦点在此作以归纳，以期有助于同学们复习、备考。一、考查宾语从句的语序问题。语序应用陈述语序，且引导词一定要在从句的最前面。【考例】As soon as he comes back, Ill tell him when _ and see him.（05北京）A. you will come B. will you comeC. you come D. do you comeWhen changin
2、g lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know . （10上海）A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is enteringC. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering【简析】A。when引导宾语从句时，用陈述语序，且主句谓语动词是一般将来时，所以从句该用什么时态就用什么时态，由语境可知，应是将来时。同时注意when引导时间状语时常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。B。which
3、引导的句子做know的宾语，句子用陈述语序，引导词位于从句句首。二、考查宾语从句的连接词问题。（1）引导宾语从句的有从属连词that, whether 和if；连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever等；连接副词when, where, how, why等。选用何种连接词主要根据所选词在从句中所作成分；从句意判断句中缺少的意项。【考例】She is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do_it takes to save her life.（09湖南）A. w
4、hichever B. however C. whatever D. whoeverAs a new diplomat, he often thinks of_he can react more appropriately on such occasions. （09上海）A. what B. which C. that D. how I want to be liked and loved for I am inside. （10湖北）A. who B. where C. what D. how We havent discussed yet _ we are going to place
5、our new furniture. （10全国）A. that B. which C. what D. where【简析】C。whichever“无论哪一个”； however“无论如何”； whoever“无论谁”； whatever“无论什么”。由分析可知，该引导词引导的是宾语从句，且从句中take缺少宾语，由句意“她对我们来说是非常宝贵，我们已经准备好做一切来拯救她的生命。”可知，应用whatever。D。句意为“作为一种新的外交官,他经常考虑他怎么能在那样的场合反应更恰当。”很显然，该宾语从句缺少一个表示“方式”的词，故用how。C。句意为“我想别人喜欢我是因为我的内在。”也就是我i
6、nside的品质。只有what可以指代是什么。很多同学误选A，错误的用中文语言习惯去做英文题。D。由句意为“我们还没有讨论把我们的新家具放在哪里。”可知，动词discuss后的宾语从句缺少地点状语，故用where。（2）宾语从句中注意下列几组相似意思的区别。考查引导词whether与if的区别。两者都表示“是否”，都可引导宾语从句；但如果宾语从句是否定句一般用if；下列情况用whether作介词宾语；后紧跟or not; 作discuss等词的宾语。【考例】At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few month
7、s to see _ it got any better.（09北京）A. when B. h ow C. why D. ifWe havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study abroad. (06江苏)A. if B. whereC. whether D. that【简析】D。句意为“最初他不喜欢这件新工作，但是他决定给自己几个月的时间来看一下这件工作是否会变得更好。”所以用if表“是否”，引导宾语从句。C。句意为“我们还没有解决他是否有必要出国留学这个问题。”此处是宾语从句，表“是否”，含有不确定，且作
8、介词的宾语，故用whether。考查引导词wh-与wh-ever的区别。“wh-ever”引导宾语从句时，其含有“无论”之意，其引导宾语从句无疑问意义，相当于名词或代词加一个定语从句，而wh-多有疑问之意。【考例】 Could I speak to_ is in charge of International Sales please? （09海南）A. whoB. what C. whoever D. whatever Could you do me a favour? It depends on _ it is. （06北京）A. which B. whicheverC. what D.
9、whatever【简析】C 。whoever引导的宾语从句作了to的宾语，同时whoever作is in charge of International Sales please的主语。whoever意为“任何人或无论谁”，相当于any person who或the person who。C。what引导宾语从句，并在从句中充当表语，意为“什么”，含有具体之事的意思。句意为“那取决于是什么”。考查引导词no matter+疑问词与疑问词+ever的区别。“no matter+疑问词”只能引导状语从句；而“疑问词+ever”既可引导状语从句，也可引导宾语从句。【考例】The book can b
10、e of help to _ wants to do the job.（09陕西）A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoeverSarah hopes to become a friend of _shares her interests. (95上海)A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who【简析】D。此处从句作介词to的宾语。引导词做从句的主语，指人，意思是：无论是谁,no matter+疑问词不能引导宾语从句。C。此处从句作介词of的宾语。no matter+疑问词不能引导宾语从句，又
11、因连接词在从句作主语，所以用whoever,其相当于anyone who。IV.考查what与how引导的感叹句充当宾语的区别。此时意为“多么”，what修饰“形容词+名词或a(an)+形容词+名词”，而how修饰“形容词或副词、many，little（少），much, few等+名词或形容词+a(an)+名词（单数）”【考例】I was surprised by her words , which made me recognize_silly mistakes I had made.（05湖南）A. what B. that C. how D. which.Parents are taug
12、ht to understand _ important education is to their childrens future.(04广东)A. that B. how C. such D. so【简析】A。句意为“我对她的话很吃惊，它迫使我承认我犯了多么愚蠢的错误。”宾语从句表感叹，中心词为名词，所以用what。B。句意为“使父母亲明白教育对他们子女的未来来说是多么地重要。”宾语从句表感叹，中心词为形容词，所以用how考查引导词what与that的区别。what作连接代词并表示“所的”之意，相当于the+名词+that”或“all that”,可指代不确定的事物等，在句中作主语、宾语
13、或表语等。that在从句中只起连接作用，不充当任何成分，翻译中，不译。典型考题（10山东）Before the sales start, I make a list of _ my kids will need for the coming season.A. why B. what C. how D. which（10北京）Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was _ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.A. what B
14、. that C. why D. whether【解析】:B。句意应为：在大甩卖开始前，我把孩子们在下个季节里要用到的东西列了一个清单。分析句式结构可知，空格处在句中引导宾语从句且在从句中充当need的宾语。which 引导名词性从句时多表示疑问且要有一个明确的范围。B。句意应为：狄更斯喜欢他自己的小说大卫科波菲尔的部分原因是小说创作非常贴近他本人的真实生活。表语从句不缺成分，因此用that来引导。 三、考查宾语从句的时态问题。当主句中的谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句的谓语不受主句谓语时态的影响，可根据句子的实际情况使用不同的时态。当主句中的谓语动词是过去时，从句的时态也是表示过去的时态。既一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时。当从句表示客观事实或真理时，其时态不受主句谓语时态的影响，而用一般现在时。【考例】I was out of town at the time, so I dont know exactly how it _. （09山东）Ks5uA. was happening B. happened C. happens D. has happenedShestaredatthepainting, wonderingwhereshe_it.（09重庆）A. sawB. hasseen C. sees D.
