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1、语法专项学案01 动词的时态和语态（原卷版）学案目录第一部分 动词的时态和语态思路点拨 P1第二部分 动词的时态和语态考点归纳 P2第三部分 动词的时态和语态考点模拟题训练 P4第一部分 动词的时态和语态思路点拨当句中缺少谓语动词时，括号中的动词就是谓语动词。此时要考虑时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等四个方面。1. 时态 确定时态的四条依据：(1) 依据上下文时态一致。看上下文谓语动词是什么时态(过去、现在、将来)，空格处要填的动词时态一般应与上下文的时态一致。这是高考语法填空中确定时态的最重要的依据之一。但需注意：客观事实或真理可能时态不一致；直接引语的时态会与引号外的时态不一致。(2) 依据并
2、列谓语动词的时态一致。(3) 依据时间状语。如for +一段时间, since +过去时间点, since +一段时间+ ago, ever since, since then, over the years, several times, recently, so far, up to now, up to the present, over/in the past/last few years常与现在完成时连用；by the end of last year常与过去完成时连用。又如in 2005, in the Tang dynasty, the other day(不久前某一天), a
3、moment ago, last Friday, yesterday等通常与一般过去时连用。(4) 依据固定句式。请熟读以下句式并体会句中的时态。This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最有趣的一部电影。This is the second time that I have spoken to a foreigner. 这是我第二次同外国人讲话。It was the second time that I had spoken to a foreigner. 那是我第二次同外国人讲话。Hardly had I
4、got on the bus when it started to move. 我一上公交车，车就开动了。I had no sooner lain down than the telephone rang. 我刚躺下，电话铃就响了。I was doing my homework when she suddenly walked in. 我正在做作业，突然她走了进来。I was about to do my homework when she suddenly walked in. 我正要做作业，突然她走了进来。I was on the point of going out when the p
5、hone rang.我正要出去，电话响了。2. 语态 主语是谓语动词的执行者，即主语与谓语动词在逻辑上是主谓关系，用主动语态；主语是谓语动词的承受者，即谓语动词与主语在逻辑上是动宾关系，用被动语态。解题中，在判断用被动语态后，还要考虑时态和主谓一致等。如果是在情态动词后，be就用原形。3. 语气 是否用虚拟语气，主要由一些特殊的词或句式来决定。4. 主谓一致 一般来说，主语是单数，谓语动词用单数；主语是复数，谓语动词用复数。第二部分 动词的时态和语态考点归纳谓语动词涉及时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等四个考点。以下重点提醒其中两个。1. 时态 尽管课标中列出了10种时态，但近四年全国卷高考 真题只
6、考查了一般现在时、现在完成时、一般过去时和过去进行时四种时态。尽管如此，以下8种时态的基本用法和构成还是应该掌握的：时态构成(以do为例)时态构成(以do为例)注意变化一般将来时willdo过去将来时woulddowillwould一般现在时do/does一般过去时diddo/doesdid现在进行时am/is/aredoing过去进行时was/weredoingam/is/arewas/were现在完成时have/hasdone过去完成时haddonehave/hashad2. 语气 尽管到目前为止，全国卷语法填空中尚未考查虚拟语气，但在阅读中会常遇到，在写作中也非常有用，因此，有必要在此列
7、出来复习一遍。需掌握以下两类八点：类别编号具体情况(熟记于心)典型例句(熟读背诵)过去式1if引导虚拟条件句IfIwereyou,Ishouldtakemytime.如果我是你，我就不着急。2with,without,or,but, for,otherwise等引出的含蓄虚拟条件Butforyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailedintheexam.要不是有你的帮助，我这次考试就过不了关。3wish后的宾语从句IwishIhadahouseinGuangzhou,butIcantaffordone.我多希望在广州有房，可是我买不起。4ifonly后的句子IfonlyIwererich
8、.要是我很富有，多好呀！5wouldrather后的句子Iwouldratheryouwenttomorrow.我宁愿你明天去。Idratheryouwerehappy.我愿你快乐。6asif/though后的句子(可能用)MrLi,myEnglishteacher,treatsmeasifIwerehisownson.英语老师李老师像对待他儿子般对待我。(should+)动词原形一个“坚持(insist)”Iinsistthatshe(should)cometomorrow. 我坚持要求她明天来。二个“命令(order,command)”Hegaveordersthatthework(sho
9、uld)bestarted immediately.他发出指示要立即开始工作。三个“建议(advise,suggest, recommend)”Irecommendedthathe(should)consultalawyer.我曾建议他去咨询律师。7(10个词)四个“要求(ask,request,require, demand)”Sheaskedthatshe(should)bekeptinformedof development.她要求告知进展情况。8Itisnecessary/natural/important/strangethatItisnecessarythathe(should)c
10、ometotheoffice.他有必要到办公室来。第三部分 动词的时态和语态考点模拟题训练一、单句语法填空（每题1.5分， 共60小题，总分90分）1.【江苏省宿迁市高三年级调研测试】Exhibition of Chinese Zodiac (生肖) Culture, which is an annual Chinese New Year cultural series exhibition at the Chongqing Three Gorges Museum, _36_ (launch) on January 9,2024.2.（2023秋山东高三校联考开学考试）The move 4 (
11、see) as part of Chinas efforts to build an ecological civilization, a concept that glorifies balanced and sustainable development and harmonious coexistence between humans and nature and promotes the building of a community with a shared future for mankind.3.【广东梅州市高三总复习质检试卷】Harbin 59 (become) world-
12、famous for having the largest ice and snow festival. 4.【江苏省宿迁市高三年级调研测试】 Open to the public until March 10, the exhibition _38_ (consist) of three sections, namely, the King of Insects, the Wisest of All Creatures, and the Purple Air Comes from the East, explaining how the dragon has become a cultura
13、l symbol representing imperial power, good fortune, power over weather and water, _39_ a pioneering spirit.5.（2023秋山东泰安高三统考阶段练习）In the Ming Dynasty, when the capital 14 (shift) from Nanjing to Beijing, Roast Duck became one of the famous official dishes. 6.【广东梅州市高三总复习质检试卷】If you are skiing lovers,Ya
14、buli Ski Resort and Jihua Ski Resort 65 recommend. 7.【江苏省海安高级中学2024届高三第二学期期初学业质量监测】There is evidence that acupuncture _37_ (date) back to the Stone Age, when stone tools were used to press areas of the body _38_(relieve) pain.8.（2023秋山东泰安高三统考阶段练习）The main method 19 (involve) the chef slicing the duck into more than 100 thin flakes with meat and a piece of crispy skin in each slice.9.【湛江市2024年普通高考测试 (一)】“The Grand Canal Museum of Beijing, also called the Capital Museum East Branch, _37_ (locate) in the Beijing Municipal Administrative Cen
