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1、2022年考博英语-南京师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example, providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockw
2、ork car or toy railway train, up to any age he still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics.The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is
3、 taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. If the child feels the world around him is a warm and friendly one he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its demands. Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a v
4、ery important element in upbringing, and is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them.Every parent watches eagerly the childs acquisition of each new skill- the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and wr
5、iting. It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. This might happen at any stage. A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early; a young child might be encouraged to learn to read b
6、efore he knows the meaning of the words he reads. On the other hand, though, if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life and his desire to find out new things for himself.Learning together is a fruit source of relationship between chil
7、dren and parents. By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents. Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this cooperation. Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crossword are good example
8、s.Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children. Some may be especially strict in money matters others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for meals or personal cleanliness. In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the p
9、arents and the values of the community as much as the childs own happiness and well being.1. The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children（ ）.2. The child in the nursery（ ）.3. The encouragement of children to achieve - new skills（ ）.4. Jigsaw puzzles are（ ）.5. Pare
10、ntal controls and discipline（ ）.问题1选项A.is to send them to clinicsB.offers recapture of earlier experiencesC.is in the provision of clockwork toys and trainsD.is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced问题2选项A.quickly learns to wait for foodB.doesnt initially sleep and wake at regular
11、intervalsC.always accepts the rhythm of the world around themD.always feels the world around him is warm and friendly问题3选项A.can never be taken too farB.should be left to school teachersC.will always assist their developmentD.should be balanced between two extremes问题4选项A.too difficult for childrenB.a
12、 kind of building-block toyC.not very entertaining for adultsD.suitable exercises for parent-child cooperation问题5选项A.serve a dual purposeB.should be avoided as much as possibleC.reflect the values of the communityD.are designed to promote the childs【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:D第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段Where
13、one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it. A good home makes this possible, for example, providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train, up to any age he
14、 still needs to do so. This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basis of work in child clinics. 如果儿童发展的一个阶段被遗漏，或者没有足够的经验，儿童可能必须回去捕捉它的经验。一个好的家庭使这成为可能，例如，提供机会，让孩子玩发条车或玩具火车，直到任何年龄，他仍然需要这样做。事实上，这一原则是对发育有困难的儿童进行所有心理治疗的基础
15、，也是儿童诊所工作的基础。可知B项“对早期经验的再现”正确。2.细节事实题。由第二段The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery. Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on. 纪律是从托儿所开始的。甚至最小的婴儿被逐步教导等食物,有规律地睡眠和醒来等等。可知B项“托儿所的孩子一开始并不是有规律地睡觉和醒来”正确。3.判断推理题。由第三段It is oft
16、en tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feeling of failure and states of anxiety in the child. 催促孩子超过他的自然学习速度通常是诱人的，但这会在孩子身上建立起失败的危险感觉和焦虑状态。可知揠苗助长会到导致孩子产生两种极端情况，故应在两种极端方式之间采取保持平衡。4.细节事实题。Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achie
