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1、2022年考博英语-电子科技大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题His（ ）brain has worked away on the idea of a universal cure.问题1选项A.richB.quickC.productiveD.fertile【答案】D【解析】句意:他脑子很灵,己经想出了一个靠谱的治疗方法。考查形容词辨析。rich 富有的,肥沃的,昂贵的;quick 快的,迅速的;productive 生产的,多产的,富有成效的；fertile （土地）富饶的，肥沃 的；（人的头脑）主意多，有创造力的；能生育的。2. 单选题A recent history
2、of the Chicago meat-packing industry and its workers examines how the industry grew from its appearance in the 1830s through the early 1890s. Meat-packers, the author argues, had good wages, working conditions, and prospects for advancement within the packing-houses, and did not cooperate with labor
3、 agitators since labor relations were so harmonious. Because the history maintains that conditions were above standard for the era, the frequency of labor disputes, especially in the mid-1880s, is not accounted for. The work ignores the fact that the 1880s were crucial years in American labor histor
4、y, and that the packing-house workers efforts were part of the national movement for labor reform.In fact, other historical sources for the late-nineteenth century record deteriorating housing and high disease and infant mortality rates in the industrial community, due to low wages and unhealthy wor
5、king conditions. Additional data from the University of Chicago suggest that the packing-houses were dangerous places to work. The government investigation commissioned by President Theodore Roosevelt which eventually led to the adoption of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act found the packing-houses unsan
6、itary, while social workers observed that most of the workers were poorly paid and overworked.The history may be too optimistic because most of its data from the 1880s and the information provided from that decade are insufficiently analyzed. Conditions actually declined in the 1880s and continued t
7、o decline after the 1880s, due to a reorganization of the packing process and a massive influx of unskilled workers. The deterioration in worker status, partly a result of the new availability of unskilled and hence cheap labor, is not discussed. Though a detailed account of work in the packing-hous
8、es is attempted, the author fails to distinguish between the wages and conditions for skilled workers and for those unskilled laborers who comprised the majority of the industrys workers from the 1880s on. While conditions for the former were arguably tolerable due to the strategic importance of ski
9、lled workers in the complicated slaughtering, cutting, and packing process (though worker complaints about the rate and conditions of work were frequent), pay and conditions for the latter were wretched. The authors misinterpretation of the origins of the feelings the meat-packers had for their indu
10、strial neighborhood may account for the historys faulty generalizations.The pride and contentment the author remarks upon were, arguably, less the products of the industrial world of the packers the giant yards and the intricate plants - than of the unity and vibrancy(活跃)of the ethnic cultures that
11、formed a viable community on Chicagos South Side. Indeed, the strength of this community succeeded in generating a social movement that effectively confronted the problems of the industry that provided its livelihood.1. The passage is primarily concerned with discussing（ ）.2.The author of the passag
12、e mentions all of the following as describing negative conditions in the meat-packing industry EXCEPT（ ）.3.The author of the passage mentions the “social movement” (in the last paragraph) generated by Chicagos South Side community primarily in order to（ ）.4.According to the passage, the working cond
13、itions of skilled workers in the meat-packing industry during the 1880s were influenced by（ ）.5. The author of the passage uses the second paragraph to（ ）.问题1选项A.how historians ought to explain the origins of the conditions in the Chicago meat-packing industryB.why it is difficult to determine the a
14、ctual nature of the conditions in the Chicago meat-packing industryC.why a particular account of the conditions in the Chicago meat-packing industry is inaccurateD.what ought to be included in any account of the Chicago meat-packers role in the national labor movement问题2选项A.data from the University
15、of ChicagoB.social workersC.a recent history of the meat-packing industryD.historical sources for the late nineteenth century问题3选项A.inform the reader of events that occurred in the meat-packing industry after the period of time covered by the historyB.introduce a new issue designed to elaborate on t
16、he good relationship between the meat-packers and Chicagos ethnic communitiesC.salvage the historys point of view by suggesting that there were positive developments in the meat-packing industry due to worker unityD.suggest the historys limitations by pointing out a situation that the history failed to explain adequately问题4选项A.
