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1、2022-2023年考博英语-南京大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题Certainly no creature in the sea is odder than the common sea cucumber. All living creatures，especially human beings, have their peculiarities, but everything about the little sea cucumber seems unusual. What else can be said about a bizarre animal that, among ot
2、her eccentricities, eats mud，feeds almost continuously day and night but can live without eating for long periods, and can be poisonous but is considered supremely edible by gourmets?For some fifty million years，despite all its eccentricities, the sea cucumber has subsisted on its diet of mud. It is
3、 adaptable enough to live attached to rocks by its tube feet, under rocks in shallow water, or on the surface of mud flats. Common in cool water on both Atlantic and Pacific shores, it has the ability to suck up mud or sand and digest whatever nutrients are present.Sea cucumbers come in a variety of
4、 colors, ranging from black to reddish-brown to sand-colored and nearly white. One form even has vivid purple tentacles. Usually the creatures are cucumber-shapedhence their name and because they are typically rock inhabitants, this shape, combined with (heir flexibility, enables them to squeeze int
5、o crevices where they are safe from predators and ocean currents.Although they have voracious appetites, eating day and night, sea cucumbers have the capacity to become quiescent and live at a low metabolic ratefeeding sparingly or not at all for long periods, so that the marine organisms that provi
6、de their food have a chance to multiply. If it were not for this faculty. they would devour all the food availa-ble in a short time and would probably starve themselves out of existence.But the most spectacular thing about the sea cucumber is the way it defends itself. Its major enemies are fish and
7、 crabs. When attacked, it squirts all its internal organs into the water. It also casts off attached structures such as tentacles. The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is attacked or even touched; it will do the same if the surrounding water temperature is too high or the wat
8、er becomes too polluted.1.According to the passage, why is the shape of sea cucumber important?2.The fourth paragraph of the passage primarily discusses（ ）3.What can be inferred about the defense mechanisms of the sea cucumber?4.Which of the following would NOT cause a sea cucumber to release its in
9、ternal organs into the water?问题1选项A.Because it helps them digest food.B.Because it helps them protect themselves from danger.C.Because it makes it easier for them to move through mud.D.Because it makes them attractive to fish.问题2选项A.the reproduction of sea cucumbersB.the food sources of sea cucumber
10、sC.the eating habits of sea cucumbersD.threats to sea cucumbers existence问题3选项A.They are very sensitive to the surrounding stimuli.B.They are almost useless.C.They require group cooperation.D.They are similar to those of most sea creatures.问题4选项A.A touchB.FoodC.Unusually warm waterD.Pollution【答案】第1题
11、:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第三段，“enables them to squeeze into crevices where they are safe from predators and ocean currents.”。可知海参的颜色和形状使它们可以藏进裂缝中，可以远离捕食者，更好地保护自己。选项B符合题意。2.主旨题。根据第四段，“Although they have voracious appetites, eating day and night.”。海参的胃口很大，可以昼夜不停地吃。可知第四段主要讨论海参的饮食习惯。选项C符合题意。3.推断题
12、。根据文章最后一段，“The sea cucumber will eviscerate and regenerate itself if it is attacked or even touched” 一受到攻击甚至是触摸，海参把内脏会喷射到水里然后重生，可推断出海参对外界的攻击反应是很灵敏的。选项A符合题意。4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段， “if it is attacked or even touched if the surrounding water temperature is too high or the water becomes too polluted.”。可知水温、水
13、污染、攻击或者触碰都会使海参有反应。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题A noisy aggressive cousin of the crow, the magpie has those bird s thievish habits.问题1选项A.A noisyB.aggressiveC.thoseD.habits【答案】A【解析】根据题意，如果noisy和aggressive是并列的关系，共同修饰cousin，那么应该用and来连接，所以noisy应该用来修饰aggressive，改为noisily副词形式，句意：喜鹊是乌鸦吵闹好斗的近亲，也有鸟那种偷偷摸摸的习性。选项A符合题意。3. 单选题T
14、he gloves were really too small, and it was only by （ ） them that I managed to get them on.问题1选项A.spreadingB.squeezingC.extendingD.stretching【答案】D【解析】动词词义辨析。spread“传播，散步”；squeeze “压榨，榨取” ;extend “延长，扩展”；stretch “伸展，拉伸”。句意：这副手套太小了，只有不停地拉伸它才能将它戴上。选项D符合题意。4. 单选题We were（ ） in the middle of our conversat
15、ion.问题1选项A.cut offB.cut downC.cut inD.cut out【答案】A【解析】动词短语。cut off“中断，切断”；cut down“砍倒”；cut in“插嘴，插入”；cut out“切掉”。句意：我们在谈话中途中断了。选项A符合题意。5. 单选题Freud derived psychoanalytic knowledge of childhood indirectly; he（ ） childhood processes from adult memory.问题1选项A.reconstructedB.incorporatedC.obstructedD.fostered【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。reconstruct “重现，改造”；incorporate“包含，吸收”；obstruct “阻塞，妨碍”；foster “培养，养育”。句意：弗洛伊德间接性地推断出了儿童精神分析知识，从成年人的记忆中修复了儿时的记忆。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题The writer seems to（ ）between appr
