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1、2022年考博英语-燕山大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题She is fond of _, so dont approach her and tell her what troubles you. Shell make it know to all.问题1选项A.speechB.appraisalC.commentD.gossip【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项speech“演讲”；B选项appraisal“评估；估价”；C选项comment“议论；批评”；D选项gossip“流言飞语，闲言碎语；闲聊”。句意：她喜欢_，所以不要接近她，告诉她你的烦恼。根据语
2、境，这里指她非常喜欢说闲话，所以不要跟她走太近，D选项gossip“流言飞语，闲言碎语”符合题意。因此D选项正确。2. 单选题That is a _ point of view. I dont agree with you.问题1选项A.crystalB.proteinC.unionD.conservative【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项crystal“水晶”；B选项protein“蛋白质的”；C选项union“联合”；D选项conservative“保守的”。句意：这观点很_。我不同意你的看法。根据语境，D选项conservative“保守的”搭配point of vi
3、ew比较合理，意思指这个观点非常保守，符合题意。因此D选项正确。3. 单选题He _ a sum of money every month to help the two orphans.问题1选项A.set alongB.sets inC.sets asideD.sets up【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查短语辨析。A选项set along非短语；B选项sets in“（不好的事物）到来”；C选项sets aside“省出，抽出；把抛在脑后”；D选项sets up“设置；成立；创建”。句意：他每个月_一笔钱来帮助那两个孤儿。根据语境，这里指的是拿出钱来帮助孤儿，C选项sets aside
4、“省出，抽出”符合题意。因此C选项正确。4. 翻译题For many traditionalists in business and economics, the death of old-style competition as the number-one route to success will hard to swallow. But in the new view, Darwinian competition is of limited value in longer term. (1)The more important challenges is to create oppor
5、tunities and adapt to changes in a complex network of companies that may sometimes be cooperators sometimes competitors.Just as the idea of economic webs is forcing companies to change their business strategies, so it is altering views about economics. (2) In place of classic theory of decreasing re
6、turns as resources and markets are exploited economist Arthur sees what he calls increasing returns. “Increasing returns are the tendency for what is ahead to get farther ahead,” he says. “if a product or a company or a technologyone of many competing in a market-gets ahead by chance or clever strat
7、egy, increasing returns can magnify this, and the product or company can make a killing from a product that is not as good as its competitors.”(3) If business systems and ecosystems have something basic in common there is worrying news for bosses. The first rule of complex systems is that it is almo
8、st impossible to predict who is a friend and who is an enemy,” says Pimm. He describes field experiments in which a predator is removed from a community. You might expect its prey, species A, to thrive. (4)But about half the time species A suffers because the predator has another prey species B, com
9、peting with species A. With the population of species B no longer kept in check by predator, it may even push species A to local extinction.Business ecosystems face problem of deciding who is a friend and who is an enemy. And the bad news doesnt stop here. “When everything is connected directly or i
10、ndirectly to everything else, changes in one part of the system may be propagated throughout,” says Pimm. (60) “Sometimes species may go extinct though no fault of their own.”【答案】1. 在复杂的企业网络中，企业之间有时合作有时竞争，更重要的挑战是创造机会并适应变化。2. 随着资源和市场的开发，传统的收益递减理论被经济学家亚瑟提出的收益递增理论取代。3. 如果商业系统和生态系统有一些基本的共同点，那么老板们就会担忧。4.
11、 但物种A总是遭殃，因为捕食者有另一个猎物物种B，而物种B与物种A竞争。5. 有时，尽管不是自身的错，物种也可能会灭绝。5. 单选题According to the periodic table, _ still some elements undiscovered.问题1选项A.it seems thatB.here seemC.there seem to beD.it seems to be【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查固定句型。句意：根据元素周期表，似乎仍有一些元素未被发现。A选项it seems that放进来that引导的主语从句缺主语，语法错误；B选项here seem放进来句
12、子缺主语，here不能充当主语成分；C选项there seem to be是there be句型，当seem用于there be结构时，其通常的表现形式为There seems to be，to be可以省略，也可以保留，但以保留为多见；D选项it seems to be中it指代不明确，用法错误。C选项there seem to be符合题意。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题The end _ the means. This saying implies even a wrong or unfair method may be allowed if the result or purpose o
13、f the action is good.问题1选项A.modifiesB.justifiesC.purifiesD.testifies【答案】B【解析】【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A选项modifies“稍作修改，使更适合；修饰”；B选项justifies“证明有理”；C选项purifies“净化”；D选项testifies“（在法庭上）作证；证实”。句意：结果_方法。这句话的意思是，如果行为的结果或目的是好的，即使方法错误或不公平也可以被允许。根据语境，这里指的是结果会证明方法的合理性，B选项justifies“证明有理”符合题意。因此B选项正确。7. 单选题The British cons
14、titution is _ a large extent a product of the historical events described above.问题1选项A.byB.atC.whichD.to【答案】D【解析】【试题解析】考查固定搭配。句意：英国宪法在很大程度上是上述历史事件的产物。D选项to a large extent“在很大程度上”，A选项by a large extent和B选项at a large extent非固定搭配，C选项which引导从句。因此D选项正确。8. 单选题If you discuss a subject without taking an adve
15、rsarial position, youll get closer to the truth of the matter than you would by going at each other _.问题1选项A.eye to eyeB.face to faceC.hammer and tongsD.hammer and nails【答案】C【解析】【试题解析】考查短语辨析。A选项eye to eye“心有灵犀；四目相对”；B选项face to face“面对面”；C选项hammer and tongs“竭尽全力”；D选项hammer and nails“锤子和钉子”。句意：如果不站在敌对的立场讨论问题，相比于_相互攻击，你们会更接近问题的真相。根据语境，这里指的是不要把全部注意力放在用言语相互攻击对方，C选项hammer and tongs“竭尽全力”符合题意。这里没有提到是否是面对面讨论问题还是以其他方式，
