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1、2022年考博英语-大连理工大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The children cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons（ ） slowly into the sky.问题1选项A.floatingB.raisingC.heavingD.ascending【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。float “漂浮，浮动”；raise “提升，增加”；heave “举起”；ascend “攀登，上升”。句意：看到数百只彩色的气球缓缓升入天空，孩子们欢呼起来。选项D符合题意。2. 翻译题It is simple
2、 enough to say that since books have classes- fiction, biography, poetry-we should separate them and take from each what is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds, asking of fiction that it s
3、hall be true, of poetry that it shall be false, of biography that it shall be flattering, of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconceptions when we read, that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author; try to become him. Be his fello
4、w-worker and accomplice. If you hang back, and reserve, and criticize at first, you are preventing yourself from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible, then signs and hints of almost imperceptible fineness, from the twist, and turn of
5、the first sentences, will bring you into the presence of a human being unlike any other. Steep yourself in this, acquaint yourself with this, and soon you will find that your author is giving you, or attempting to give you, something far more definite.【答案】既然书有小说、传记、诗歌之分，我们就应该把它们分类，从中吸收它们应该给予的知识。这说起来
6、很容易。然而很少有人要求书本应该给予的知识。我们总是囫囵吞枣般去看书，要求小说必须真实，要求诗歌必须虚构，要求传记谄媚，要求历史书能加强自己的偏见。如果我们读书之前能抛开这些偏见，将会是一个好的开始。不要去强加你的想法给作者，而是要去理解他，成为他的伙伴。如果你将自己置身事外，并且从一开始就批判他，你就无法从书中获得最大的价值。但是如果你敞开心扉，那么书中精细入微的寓言和暗示便会让你从开头那些晦涩的句子中绕出来，把你带到一个独特的人物面前。把自己沉浸在里面去钻研，你很快会发现，作者正向你阐述的或者是试图向你阐述的东西是一些比原来要明确得多的东西。3. 单选题Despite their good
7、 service, most inns are less costly than hotels of （ ）standards.问题1选项A.equivalentB.alikeC.uniformD.likely【答案】A【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。equivalent “等价的”; alike “相同的”；uniform “统一的，一致的”；likely “很可能的”。句意：虽然他们服务好，但大多数小旅馆要比同等级水准的宾馆便宜。选项A符合题意。4. 翻译题The “standard of living” of any country means the average persons sha
8、re of the goods and services which the country produces. A countrys standard of living, therefore, depends first and foremost on its capacity to produce wealth. “Wealth” in this sense is not money, for we do not live on money but on things that money can buy: “goods” such as food and clothing, and “
9、services” such as transport and entertainment.A countrys capacity to produce wealth depends upon many factors, most of which have an effect on one another. Wealth depends to a great extent upon a countrys natural resources, such as coal, gold, and other minerals, water supply and so on. Some regions
10、 of the world are well supplied with coal and minerals, and have a fertile soil and a favorable climate; other regions possess perhaps only one of these things, and some regions possess none of them. The U.S.A is one of the wealthiest regions of the world because she has vast natural resources withi
11、n her borders, her soil is fertile, and her climate is varied. The Sahara Desert, on the other hand, is one of the least wealthy.Next to natural resources comes the ability to turn them to use. China is perhaps as well off as the U.S.A. in natural resources, but suffered for many years from civil an
12、d external wars, and for this and other reasons was unable to develop her resources. Sound and stable political conditions, and freedom from foreign invasion, enable a country to develop its natural resources peacefully and steadily, and to produce more wealth than another country equally well serve
13、d by nature but less well ordered. Another important factor is the technical efficiency of a countrys people. Old countries that have, through many centuries, trained up numerous skilled craftsmen and technicians are better placed to produce wealth than countries whose workers are largely unskilled.
14、 Wealth also produces wealth. As a country becomes wealthier, its people have a large margin for saving, and can put their savings into factories and machines which will help workers to turn out more goods in their working day.【答案】任何一个国家的“生活水平”指的是那个国家生产的产品和提供的服务为普通民众所分享的情况。因此，一个国家的生活水平首先取决于它创造财富的能力。
15、在这个意义上的“财富”并不是指钱，因为我们并不依靠钱而是依靠钱能买到的东西生存：比如像食物和衣服这样的“东西”，像交通和娱乐这样的“服务”。一个国家创造财富的能力取决于很多因素，这些因素相互影响。财富在很大程度上依靠国家的自然资源，比如煤、金矿以及其他矿藏、肥沃的土壤和适宜的气候。有些地区可能只有这些资源中的一种，而有些地区一样都没有。美国是世界上最富裕的国家之一，因为在她的境内有着丰富的自然资源，肥沃的土壤和多样的气候。与之相反，撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最贫困的地区之一。仅次于自然资源的是使用这些资源的能力。中国也许和美国一样拥有丰富的自然资源，但是遭受多年的内战外战，以及一些其他的原因导致中国没
16、有很好地利用她的能源。安稳的政治环境、免受外来侵略势力的威胁才能让一个国家和平稳定地发展本国自然资源，并且能够比其他拥有同样多自然资源但缺乏秩序的国家创造出更多的财富。另外一个重要的因素便是一个国家人民的科技效率。经过数个世纪，古老的国家培训出大量熟练技工与技师所创造出来的财富远远多于那些拥有大量非熟练工人的国家。财富同样能创造财富。当一个国家变得富裕起来，人民便有了大量的积蓄，他们可以将这些积蓄投入到工厂机器中，帮助工人生产出更多的商品。5. 单选题The directions were so （ ）that it was impossible to complete the assignment.问题1选项A.ingeniousB.ambitiousC.no
