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1、英语词汇学复习资料复习资料英语词汇学Introduction English as a global. 1. Lexicology（）is a branch of linguistics（）语言学词汇学2. Lexicology和哪些重要的学科建立了联系Semantics（语义学）Stylistics（语体学）Etymology（词源学）Morphology（构词学）4) 1) 2)3) lexicology3. 研究的两大方法Diachronic approach : 1)历时语言学Synchronic approach : 共时语言学2)Chapter 1 Lexicology and b
2、asic concepts of words and vocabulary.minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function1. Word A word is a sound and meaning as the symbolic connection between them is arbitrary ()and2. There is no logical relationship between 任意的conventional（）. 俗称的约定的,3. soun
3、d formThe sound should be similar to/consistent with the form ,but there are some illogicaland irregularity 不规则的不合逻辑的influenced by Romans 1)Pronunciation changed 2)（）early scribes 抄写员3) borrowing 4)Not only can it refer to the total number of the words in a language, but it can stand for all the wor
4、ds used in a ocabulary 4. Vparticular historical period.5. Classification of Wordscontent full /native/Anglo-Saxon words basic实义词frequency notion origin nonbasic/vocabulary functional/empty borrowed/loan功能词(1) The characteristics of basic word stock the foundation of the vocabulary accumulated over
5、centuries and forms theAll national character common care of the language.Stability（）稳定性Productivity（）多产性Polysemy （）一词多义Collocability （）neutral in style（）中立性可搭配性(2) Two feature of native wordsfrequent in use50,000 to 60,000(Anglo_Saxon tongue )他们的来源是据现代语言学家的统计，英语中目前所占本族词的数量有多少?(3)borrowed words? 什么喊
6、1) words taken over from foreign languages are know as borrowed words or loan words or borrowings in simple terms.2) It is estimated that English borrowings constitute 80 percent of the modern English vocabulary3) The English language has vast debts .In any dictionarysome 80% of the entries are borr
7、owed. Chapter 2 The development of the English vocabulary1. Old EnglishIndo-European language family（）Germanic（），与德语最相似印欧语系属于. 日耳曼语系2. History1）Old English （450-1150）a. The first people known to inhabit（居住）England were Celts，the language was Celtic（）. 凯尔特语b. The second language was the Latin（）of the
8、 Roman Legions（）. 罗马军队拉丁语Roman invasionAnglo-SaxonThe introduction of Christianity拉丁文的涌进三个事件Viking invasion（）and Scandinavian 斯堪的纳维亚语传进北欧海盗2）Middle English （1150-1500）The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of French words into English上层人物13 gradually come back into public areas.English世纪末Frenc
9、h, Latin, English in Middle English period 在英语发展过程在哪个阶段出现三语鼎立的现象？easel, port, freight, Middle English , Dutch（个词汇）出现于英语发展的哪个阶段，属于哪一种外来词的引进？2500 带来了3）Modern English （1500-up to now）（）:Latin and Greek were recognized as the languages of the Western worlds great literary heritageThe Renaissance（文文艺复兴.）
10、化遗产began a With the growth of colonization（）, British tentacles（）The Industrial Revolution （）: 17魔爪世纪中期工业革命殖民化stretching out of to every corner of the globe，thus enabling English to absorb（）words from all major languages of the world. 吸收standardization （）Printingsound and form concord和出现十六世纪，有一种新工业出
11、现对词汇的发展产生重要的影响,这导致一致Mao jackets , black belt , kongfu 标准化第二次世界大战以后，大量外来词进进英语中，如：Analytical language分析语Inflectional language屈折语Three main sources（来源）new wordsThe rapid development of modern science and technologySocial,economic and political changesThe influence of other cultures and languagesThree m
12、odes of vocabulary developmentCreation the formation of new words by using the existing materials,namely roots,affixes and other elements.Semantic change - an old form which take on a new meaning to meet the new need.Borrowing to take in words from other languages.（particularly in earlier time）Chapt
13、er 3 The structure of English words1. Morpheme A morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit of a language. （The smallest functional unit in the composition ofwords.）Free can stand alone as a word/ independent of other morphemesTypeprefixation 前缀Lexical derivational affixationBound added to other morph
14、emes suffixation 后缀Grammatical inflectional2. Morph A morpheme must be realized by discrete（）units. These actual spoken minimal carriers of meaning are morphs. 离散的Monomorphenic words morphemes are realized by single morphs.Allomorph（）Some morphemes are realized by more than one morph according to th
15、eir position. 词素变体3. Root A root is the basic form of a word,which cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity.（What remains of a word after the removal of all affixes.）Stem a form to which affixes of any kind can be added.Base refers to a form to which affixes of any kind can be added
16、.It can be a root or stem.a stem may consist of a single root or two roots and a root plus a affix.a stem can be a root or a form bigger than a root.nation , dict 加以理论的分析请加以区别下面两个词的特征: Both nation and dict belong to roots, nation is free root, which can function alone in a sentence, (1)Nation as a free root, has complete meaning, when both prefixes and
