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1、2022年考博英语-西安电子科技大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 翻译题The current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference (电位差) across it provided there is no change in the physical conditions of the conductor.【答案】如果对于导体没有任何物理变化，那么通过导体的电流正比于通过的电位差。2. 翻译题众所周知，技术革新的速度越来越快。未来社会的变革将超过以往任何时候。作为一个物种，我
2、们人类能否在我们自己发动的这种变革中幸存下来呢？有大量的证据表明我们能。我们人类有巨大的潜能，我们才刚刚开始开发利用。例如，我们才刚刚开始控制环境。将来有一天，技术将使所有的沙漠鲜花盛开。这的确不难。要做到这一点，我们只需要降低海水淡化的成本。接下来的问题是，沙漠变成绿洲后，它们能为我们不断增加的人口提供充足的粮食吗？很可能。最近，我们已经开始发现集约式沙漠农业是可能的。我们已经拥有的技术能将产量提高10倍，用水量减少到从前的1/20。我们知道如何创造农业奇迹。我们需要时间和金钱以便使这项技术为人人所用。在19世纪,人们信仰进步。他们相信科学将带领他们进入一个无限繁荣无限幸福的新时代。然而，事
3、情并没有如他们所想象的那样发展。两次灾难性的世界大战使人们确信了这一点。但是，我们在失望时，在担心科学是一头将来某一天会毁灭我们的巨兽时，却忘记了科学并不是巨兽,我们自己才是巨兽。科学只是一个仆人，像火一样，如果使用得当，它将是个好仆人。尽管现代世界存在着种种问题,大多数人都不会愿意生活在我们之前的任何一个科学欠发达的时代。如果我们不在战争中毁灭白己，未来只会更好。我们每年都将取得令人目不暇接的科学进步：疾病得到根治，太空被征服，运输和通讯取得根本性的变革，农业和工业得到彻底改造等等。对一些人来说，未来听起来令人兴奋；而对另一些人来说,则令人恐怖。但有一点是肯定的：未来不会让人感到乏味。【答案
4、】As we all know, technological innovation is getting faster and faster. There will be more social changes in the future than ever before. As a species, can humans survive in the transformation we have made? A lot of evidence show that we can do. Humans have great potential, but we are just beginning
5、 to exploit them. For example, we are just beginning to control the environment. Someday, technology will make all the desert flowers bloom. Its not hard. To achieve this, we only need to reduce the cost of desalination. The next question is whether they can provide enough food for our growing popul
6、ation when deserts become oases. Probably recently, we have begun to discover that intensive desert where farming is feasible. We already have technology that can increase yields tenfold and reduce water use by one-twentieth of what it was before. We know how to create an agricultural miracle. We ne
7、ed time and money to make this technology available to everyone.In the 19th century, people believed in progress. They believed that science would lead them into a new era of infinite happiness. However, things didnt go as far as they thought. Two disastrous world wars convinced people of this. But
8、when we are disappointed, and when we worry that science is a monster that will destroy us one day, we forget that science is not a monster but we are. Science is only a servant, like fire, and if used properly, it will be a good servant.Despite the problems of the modern world, most people do not w
9、ant to live in any of the underdeveloped times before us. If we do not destroy ourselves in the war, the future will be better. Every year we will make greater progress, like continual scientific advance, cured diseases, and conquered space, natural changes in transport and communications and radica
10、l changes in agriculture and industry and so on. For some, the future sounds exciting, while for others its scary. But one thing can be sure: the future will not be boring.3. 单选题Plenty of facts _ him to our point of view.问题1选项A.consentedB.convertedC.conversedD.conformed【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. consented 同意
11、；准许 B. converted （使）改变（观点、习惯等）C. conversed 交谈；谈话 D. conformed 与一致【答案】B【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】句意：许多事实使他我们的观点。根据句意，应该是大量的事实证明我们的观点正确，所以这些事实使他的观点转变到我们的观点。convert常与to连用。因此选B。【干扰项排除】A选项consented“同意；准许”，不与to连用；C选项conversed“交谈；谈话”，不符合语境；D选项conformed“与一致”不与to连用。【句意】许多事实使他同意了我们的观点。4. 单选题The crisis in our industry w
12、as _ by intense competition from foreign producers.问题1选项A.brought onB.brought forwardC.brought upD.brought round【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. brought on 导致；引起 B. brought forward 提出；提前C. brought up 提出；教育；养育 D. brought round 使改变观点；说服【答案】A【考查点】词组辨析。【解题思路】句意：我们工业的危机是由外国生产商的激烈竞争。根据逻辑，外国生产商的激烈竞争可能会引起我国的工业危机。因此选A。【干扰项
13、排除】B、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】我们工业的危机是由外国生产商的激烈竞争引起的。5. 翻译题1. NewtonNewton used his great skill in mathematics to form a better understanding of the world and the universe. He used methods he had learned as a boy in making things. He experimented. Then he studied the results and used what he had le
14、arned to design new experiments.Newtons work led him to create a new technique in mathematics for measuring areas curved in shape. He also used it to find how much material was contained in solid objects. The technique he created became known as integral calculus.One day, sitting in the garden, he w
15、atched an apple fall from a tree. He began to wonder if the same force that pulled the apple down also kept the moon circling the Earth. Newton believed it was. And he believed it could be measured.He called the force gravity. He began to examine it carefully.He decided that the strength of the force keeping a planet in orbit around the sun depended on two things. One was the amount of mass in the planet and the sun. The other was how far apart they were.Newton was able to find the exact relationship between distance and gravity. He multiplied the mass of one space body by the
