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1、非谓语动词在句中作定语 在英语句子中,不定式t d,分词ing和v+ed是非谓语动词，除不能作谓语外，其她成分都可担当,其中一种成分就是作定语。不定式to 在句中作定语置于被修饰名词后，常同该名词构成动宾关系，要是不定式是不及物动词,其后应加上必要的介词。例：I havsomtin to sy (to sa something ) v you aine to rad.Tht isa good opany o ork for.Heis apleasant elw to ork ith.ol y bring me a benc t sit on？ 有些名词常接不定式作定语，如:chance,tme
2、 ，reason ，w ,effort ,rih(权利), moet等,例:Yo avent an reason to leav me.Youhave origh to suh thing.H scceeddn his effort overco is fal wness.He put imef ut f he ayo hep others.Wehavotie tolose.Tank yo r iing mthecet ak the speeh.T firt ，he ls,h seco ，e bet等常与不定式连用作定语。例：He is aways thfist to coe.S would
3、b tlst t agretou plan.Yu are th son o ask e that qston.Il o y por es tofi it up 当to go,to spar作“剩余”讲时可作定语。例:Hehd five ints o go fore tme was up. hey had onl 100ollas tspare. 不定式用在某些句子中作定语相称于一种定语从句,表达动作即将发生。例:The ae a dficuies tovercme.=Thre a man diffculte thatwilhae to b oerc.He haa largefmily o su
4、pport.= eas large mily that must spot目前分词与过去分词作定语目前分词和过去分词在句中都可以作定语,但在语态和时间概念上有区别，在语态上，目前分词表积极,过去分词表被动,在时间上，目前分词表达动作正在进行,而过去分词则表达动作完毕。例:ong water(积极、进行)boed waer (被动、完毕)有时过去分词则表达被动,不表达完毕的动作，有时则表达动作的完毕，不表达被动的动作。例:thefallen aes (动作已完毕)develope countrs (动作已完毕)a iteesedpary （被动)单个分词作定语置于被修饰词前。例:China a
5、dveloping cuntre li a fiand from it took a brning stickAeca s adeledounry.有些单个分词(特别是目前分词)作定语时也可以置于被修饰词之后，特别如某些不定代词 yting,smething ，everyhng ,nothing 等则应后置。例：te expregained(获得的经验)fr the time being （临时）oryers rnning （ 一连数年)Se foun he winopen and soming stolen hee isnohg dng.Tereis nohinterestngin as p
6、aper.he s veyhng apning n te lin.Is thre nyting intertingin e bok?分词短语置于被修饰词之后Tepen ying o the tle blns you.e oy makigfces my sn.Ike sons prfo by Mao Amg其实作定语的分词短语可以扩展为定语从句。如上述三句可改为:The peich islyig onhe tabl beng to you.Theoy wo is makgfaei y on.I ie songswhichwas perormed yMa Amng.目前分词作后置定语表达一种（目前
7、或将来)正在进行的动作，或者表达某常常性动作或状态。例:Canyuse the tr ov n thsy?hereia piano sanding i h rner.如果分词所示的动作在时间上同谓语动词所示的动作不一致，不能使用目前分词，而应使用定语从句。例：I wat o w the manbek theindo. (X）Bak 的动作是先发生上例不能用目前分词，应改为定语从句。如:.who brke the wndoDoyo kow yonehavnglost money. (X)Do youknowanone who lost on.(V)因此我们就懂得在那种状况下定语从句可以用目前分词
8、替代,即:定语从句动词所示的时间同主句谓语动词的时间一致时。例:idyu sete an (whowas) alking o h admster?The hosit which tand/stndng acros te street was e u lat yea（stnds 表达一种常常性的状态)过去分词在时间上，表达的动作发生在谓语动词之间，表达与句中谓语动词相应的常常性动作;或表达一种正在进行的动作，用eing +过去分词构造。例：Is hs thebookritt( whica writte） by enry me?He was the aecher resected( wo asre
9、sected ) by llis studns.T matter beig dscussd (hichis beingdicse) is of geaiortance.e a invitd a meetg ob ld( hich ws ob eld )theneda.动名词作定语动名词单个词作定语时也置于被修饰词前，表达被修饰词的用途、类属等。例 ；a iting tle= a tale forwriting (动名词）a seeping cid = a cild hoi sleping （目前分词)aswimmig ool apoo or wmmng （动名词）a waiting room
10、= a oom fo waing （动名词）dnkg wate water for dinkng(动名词）Ne s aled to sea alod n hreadng room（动名词）Tha is ahop delng iwalin sti （动名词)he sleeping id was i undleep. (目前分词）Allbedosin hs olhavhtol nngate.（目前分词）从上述看,单个动名词和目前分词都可以作前置定语，但目前分词和被修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系，表达被修饰名词自身发生的动作或行为，而动名词和被修饰的名词不表达这种关系，只表达与被修饰名词的用途、类属等
11、。动名词作介词宾语构成的介词短语可定语。例:He s nte hab of rig early.( f risn 修饰名词bi)Sh as a good idea of playig snowball.(of plaing 修饰名词de )有些名词有时也可接不定式和其接“介词+动名词”在乎义上没有区别。例：ht is thwy of settng hoblemTt i he wayto settle teoblem.此类名词常用的有: tie for oingst Reaon odig sth. im tod sh. Reasontodo s. From n st. Chance of dgs
12、t Feedomto d th.Chcetodo t.alrein doingth.Ptence in doin sh Failue to do sth. Patn too st Choiceo don sth. prtuni o oingth hoice to do sth. pportuity t o st但有些名词和urose ,metho ,idea,hbit 等背面只能接of 动名词，不接不定式,有些名词如omise ,effrt ,desire ，aemt ，bility ,eual ,eerminatin ,ailur 不接f + 动名词，但可以接不定式。例:I urprsing tht thy shouldhoose i metdof passi he eening (不用metotoas）Te ol ma is i the abofredng thenewsarat breakfas.(不用hbi
