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1、2022年考博英语-中国科学技术大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（附答案带详解）1. 单选题To live in the United States today is to gain an appreciation for Dahrendorfs assertion that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.Yet we would do well to remind our
2、selves that technology is a human creation; it does not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird looking for an object on whi
3、ch to rest, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire (变得混乱) and there was no ready h
4、and to set them right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even
5、flourish. Whether we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of the technology on our lives deserves a closer examination.Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designe
6、d specialized machines that can do the tasks that once people could do. There are those who assert that the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a rev
7、olution, we find that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not confined to the few.In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to r
8、evolutionize the structure of American life, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The Industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to suppl
9、ement and replace some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.1. A spear or a robot has
10、 the quality of technology only when it _.2. The examples of the Challenger and Chernobyl cited by the author serve to show that _.3. According to the author, the introduction of the computer is a revolution mainly because _.4. By using the phrase “the human quality of technology” (Para. 2), the aut
11、hor refers to the fact that technology _.问题1选项A.is used both as a cultural and a physical objectB.serves different purposes equally wellC.is utilized by manD.can be of use to both man and animal问题2选项A.if not given close examination, technology could be used to destroy our worldB.technology is a huma
12、n creation, so we are responsible for itC.technology usually goes wrong, if not controlled by manD.being a human creation, technology is liable to error问题3选项A.the computer has revolutionized the workings of the human mindB.the computer can do the tasks that could only be done by people beforeC.it ha
13、s helped to switch to an information technologyD.it has a great potential impact on society问题4选项A.does not exist in the natural worldB.has some characteristics of human natureC.can replace some aspects of the human mindD.has a great impact on human life【答案】第1题:C第2题:B第3题:D第4题:A【解析】第1题:【选项释义】A spear o
14、r a robot has the quality of technology only when it _. 一支长矛或一个机器人只有在_的时候才具有科技的特质。A. is used both as a cultural and a physical object A. 被用作文化和物理对象B. serves different purposes equally well B. 满足不同目的C. is utilized by man C. 被人类使用D. can be of use to both man and animal D. 对人和动物都有用【答案】C【考查点】事实细节题。【解题思路
15、】根据题干中信息词A spear or a robot定位到第二段第一、二句，该处讲到“一支长矛或一个机器人（A spear or a robot）既是物理对象，也是文化对象。在人类使用长矛狩猎或机器人制造机器部件之前（humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts），它们都不过是一块物体。”，可知矛或机器人只有被人使用的时候才具有科技特性，因此C选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项“被用作文化和物理对象”：由解题思路可知“一支长矛或一个机器人（A spear or a robot）既是物理对象，也是文化对象”，但是它们只有被人使用时才具有科技特性，属于偷换概念；B选项“满足不同目的”：文中没有提到其条件是满足不同目的，属于无中生有；D选项“对人和动物都有用”：对应第二段第四句“对于鸟（bird）来说，找一个栖息的物体，矛或机器人也能起到同样的作用（the purpose equally well）。”，它们除了对人类有用，对动物也是如此，但这不等同于有用就是具有科技特性，属于偷换概念。第2题:【选项释义】The examples of the Challenger and Chernobyl cited by the author serve to show that _.
