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1、On Realistic Significance of Classical Chinese PhilosophyI IntroducationBrief introduction to classical Chinese philosophy of Confucianism, Daoism, Mohism and Legalism.Confucianism ,Daoism ,Mohism and Legalism have great effect on China as well as the world .Confucianism had been regarded as an ethi
2、c-political system in ancient China .Confuciuscentral doctrine is that of the virtue of ren(仁).Taoism is indigenous to China .Together with Confucianism ,it has exerted great influence on the thinking of the Chinese people as well the whole world .The core of Moism is universal love, close to the as
3、sertion that “all men are equal before God”. Legalism was a very strict and stern philosophy and it was comparatively late in securing its theoretical position , yet it had tremendous influence upon the political life of its time .II Confucianism and Its Practical Values2.1 Major Points of Confucian
4、ism(1).The Confucianism founded by Confucius.(2).Confucianism has left us a rich literary heritage known as the Four Books and Five Classics: The Great Learning, The Man, Analects and Mencius; Book of change, Book of History, Book of Odes, Books of Rites and Spring and Autumn Annals.(3).The well-kno
5、wn Five Relationships: ruler-minister, father-son, husband-wife, elder-and-younger brother, and friend-friend.(4).Confuciuscentral doctrine is that of the virtue of ren(仁).(5).Within the four seas all men are brothers. Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you. 2.2 Practical Va
6、lues of ConfucianismConfucianism had been regarded as an ethic-political system in ancient China .For more than two thousand years it has moulded and shaped the civilization of China and exerted a profound influence upon almost one fourth of the human race. For six centuries these four texts became
7、the elementary requirements of Chinese education in the feudal society and served as the basis of the civil service examination by which scholars were selected for official posts at various levels of the government. Confucianisms greatest contribution to the Chinese nation is its shaping and mouldin
8、g of the Chinese Character and national soul and its founding of the complete system of knowledge. And it influence our national spirit and character : loyalty and piety, affection and love, faithfulness and righteousness, peace and harmony.III Daoism and Its Practical Values3.1 Major Points of Daoi
9、sm(1). Daoism founded by Laozi.(2). Daoism advocates a carefree flight from the respectability and conventional duties of society.(3). The Tao is described as existing before the universe came into being ,an unchanging principle, the mother of all things.(4). The Taoist philosophy has rich contents:
10、 Wuwei, De.(5). The Taoists believed that“ Things turn to their opposite when they reach the extreme”.(6).Taoism has a god for almost everything: the sun, moon, stars, wind, rain and so on.3.2 Practical Values of DaoismTaoism has had great impact on the thinking of the Chinese people, as well as on
11、the political, economic and cultural life of the country. Even today we can still find traces of its influence among the Chinese people. After a brilliant beginning, Taoism was gradually appropriated by those who wandered off in search of the secret of eternal life, which lead them into such a sloug
12、h of superstitions that they eventually lost credit in the eyes of the intellectual class.IV Major Points of Mohism and Its Practical Values4.1 Major Points of Mohism(1).The Mohism founded by Mozi flourished in the latter half of the fifty century.(2).It resembles Confucianism in its reverence for h
13、umanism.(3).Master Mo called for a universial love encompassing all human beings in equal degree.(4).He suggested a harmonious relationship between people on a reciprocal basis.(5).Thus he was an assertor of unionism who suggested a practice of a political relationship of mutal benefit or dependence
14、 between states.(6).Exaltation of the worth(尚贤)，universal love（兼爱）4.2 Practical Values of Mohism Mo Zi had an important place in the history of Chinese culture. Although Moism did not hold this position for long, its founder and his teachings left indelible impression on the Chinese mind. Mo Zi was
15、a rigorist who set the most exacting standards for himself and his followers. And he is much more admired for his nobility of soul revealed in his service to others than his literary style which is plain and simple.V Legalism and Its Practical Values5.1 Major Points of Legalism(1).The outstanding re
16、presentatives of this school was Shangyang, Lisi, Hanfei.(2).They advocated war as a means of strengthening the power of the ruler, expanding the territory and making the people disciplined and submissive. The state would be ordered by an exhaustive set of laws defining in detail the duties and responsibilities of all its members. Severe punishments would restrain evil while generous rewards would encourage w
