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1、2022年考博英语-哈尔滨工业大学考试内容及全真模拟冲刺卷（附带答案与详解）1. 单选题A recent history of the Chicago meat-packing industry and its workers examines how the industry grew from its appearance in the 1830s through the early 1890s. Meat-packers, the author argues, had good wages, working conditions, and prospects for advancemen
2、t within the packinghouses, and did not cooperate with labor agitators since labor relations were so harmonious. Because the history maintains that conditions were above standard for the era, the frequency of labor disputes, especially in the mid-1880s, is not accounted for. The work ignores the fac
3、t that the 1880s were crucial years in American labor history, and that the packinghouse workers effects were part of the national movement for labor reform.In fact, other historical sources for the late nineteenth century record deteriorating housing and high disease and infant mortality rates in t
4、he industrial community, due to low wages and unhealthy working conditions. Additional data from the University of Chicago suggest that the packinghouses were dangerous places to work. The government investigation commissioned by President Theodore Roosevelt which eventually led to the adoption of t
5、he 1906 Meat Inspection Act found the packinghouses unsanitary, while social workers observed that most of the workers were poorly paid and overworked.The history may be too optimistic because most of its data date from the 1880s at the latest, and the information provided from that decade is insuff
6、iciently analyzed. Conditions actually declined in the 1880s, and continued to decline after the 1880s, due to a reorganization of the packing process and a massive influx of unskilled workers. The deterioration in worker status, partly a result of the new availability of unskilled and hence cheap l
7、abor, is not discussed. Though a detailed account of work in the packing-houses is attempted, the author fails to distinguish between the wages and conditions for skilled workers and for those unskilled laborers who comprised the majority of the industrys workers from the 1880s on. While conditions
8、for the former were arguably tolerable due to the strategic importance of skilled workers in the complicated slaughtering, cutting, and packing process (though worker complaints about the rate and conditions of work were frequent), pay and conditions for the latter were wretched.The authors misinter
9、pretation of the origins of the feelings the meat-packers had for their industrial neighborhood may account for the historys faulty generalizations. The pride and contentment the author remarks upon were, arguably, fess the products of the industrial world of the packers-the giant yards and the intr
10、icate plants-than of the unity and vibrancy of the ethnic cultures that formed a viable communit3r on Chicagos South Side. Indeed, the strength of this community succeeded in generating a social movement that effectively confronted the problems of the industry that provided its livelihood.1.The pass
11、age is primarily concerned with discussing（ ） .2.The author of the passage mentions all of the following as describing negative conditions in the meat-packing industry EXCEPT（ ） .3.The author of the passage mentions the social movement (underlined, generated by Chicagos South Side community primaril
12、y in order to（ ）.4.According to the passage, the working conditions of skilled workers in the meat-packing industry during the 1880s were influenced by（ ）.5.The author of the passage uses the second paragraph to （ ）6.The tone of the author of the passage in discussing the meat-packer community on Ch
13、icagos South Side can best be described as one of （ ）.7.The information in the passage suggests that the author of the history discussed in the passage made which of the following errors?问题1选项A.how historians ought to explain the origins of the conditions in the Chicago meat-packing industryB.why it
14、 is difficult to determine the actual nature of the conditions in the Chicago meat-packing industryC.why a particular account of the conditions in the Chicago meat-packing industry is inaccurateD.what ought to be included in any account of the Chicago meat-packers role in the national labor movement
15、问题2选项A.data from the University of ChicagoB.a recent history of the meat-packing industryC.social workersD.historical sources for the late nineteenth century问题3选项A.inform the reader of events that occurred in the meat-packing industry after the period of time covered by the historyB.suggest the hist
16、orys limitations by pointing out a situation that the history failed to explain adequatelyC.salvage the historys point of view by suggesting that there were positive developments in the meat-packing industry due to worker unityD.introduce a new issue designed to elaborate on the good relationship between the meat-packers and Chicagos ethnic communities
