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1、2022年考博英语-华东师范大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题To say that the child learns（1）imitation and that the way to teach is to set a good example oversimplifies. No child imitates every（2）he sees. Sometimes, the example the parent wants him to（3）is ignored while he takes over contrary patterns from some other exam
2、ple. Therefore we must turn（4）Look at it from the childs point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a（5）response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain（6）.If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason（7）what to do, he observes a（8）who seems able to get the r
3、ight（9）. The child looks for a/an（10）There is a second element at（11）in this situation. The child may be able to（12）his immediate goal only to（13）that his method brings criticism（14）people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is（15）em
4、phatically that this action is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus,the desire to（16）any objective situation is overlaid（17）the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and（18）some actions and cri
5、ticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must（20）responses his social group approves.问题1选项A.throughB.fromC.byD.with问题2选项A.actionB.thingC.situationD.adult问题3选项A.learnB.setC.imitateD.follow问题4选项A.fromB.toC.forD.into问题5选项A.readyB.immediateC.goodD.reasonabl
6、e问题6选项A.endsB.purposeC.intentionD.goal问题7选项A.upB.forC.throughD.out问题8选项A.studentB.exampleC.modelD.child问题9选项A.effectB.rewardC.resultD.outcome问题10选项A.professionalB.authorityC.specialistD.teacher问题11选项A.workingB.workC.the workD.his问题12选项A.attainB.findC.acquireD.grasp问题13选项A.tellB.getC.findD.realize问题1
7、4选项A.toB.intoC.fromD.out of问题15选项A.informedB.askedC.notifiedD.told问题16选项A.solveB.faceC.encounterD.avoid问题17选项A.byB.withC.inD.for问题18选项A.likeB.loveC.consentD.approval问题19选项A.grantB.appraiseC.rewardD.award问题20选项A.doB.takeC.adoptD.employ【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:D第4题:B第5题:A第6题:A第7题:D第8题:C第9题:C第10题:B第11题:B第12题:
8、A第13题:C第14题:C第15题:D第16题:A第17题:B第18题:D第19题:C第20题:C【解析】（1）by表示“通过”。句意：孩子通过模仿学习, 符合句意。（2）根据原文推测, 孩子模仿的是动作,而不是人或某个东西, 所以选项A符合原文。（3）follow the example意为“模仿,效仿”。（4）turn to转向, 求助于。这里表示的是我们必须求助于一个独特的理论。（5）根据下文中的a ready response,可知这里也应填入ready。a ready response快速的反应。因为孩子面对的是新的情形,所以他无法做出快速的反应。（6）gain ones ends为
9、固定搭配, 意为达到目的, 成功。这里指孩子会寻求做出某种反应来实现某种目的。（7）这里表达的是孩子面对这种情形缺少做出反应的能力,就不知道该怎么做。reason out“推理出,推断出”,符合句意, 选项D符合句意。（8）根据原文：当孩子不知道该怎么做时,他会找一个榜样,观察这个榜样是怎么做的。选项C符合原文。（9）这里指的是孩子所找到的榜样, 榜样是能够获得好的结果的。result泛指结果本身, outcome强调一件事情的结局, 所以选项C更符合原文。（10）根据原文：孩子们找寻权威或专家来告诉他们该做什么。填空处的词应与expert意思相近, authority“权威”相对来说更符合原
10、文。（11）at work为固定搭配，意为“起作用”。原文指“在这种情形下,还有第二种因素在起作用”。（12）attain ones goal为固定搭配，意为“达到目标”。这里强调的是目标的实现, 所以选项A符合原文。（13）根据原文：孩子可能能够实现自己的目标,但是发现自己的方法会招来批评。选项C符合句意。（14）这里的批评来自于那些观察他的人, 强调的是来源, 所以应填入介词from。（15）句意：传递消息通过大声喊叫, 别人就会告诉他这种行为是令人不愉快的。tell“告诉”,较口语化, 符合句意。inform和notify过于正式, ask与句意不符。（16）原文指的是处理面对的这种情形
11、, 选项A正确。（17）be overlaid with为固定搭配, 意为“被掩盖”。（18）句意：当父母喜欢他的做事方法时,他就会获得更多的爱和支持。love与affection同义, 故排除。（19）reward“回报”；award“授予,颁发”。原文指对孩子行为的认可和回报, 所以选项C正确。（20）句意：想要获得别人的支持和自尊, 他就必须采用他的群体所支持的方法。选项C符合句意。2. 单选题Faces, like fingerprints, are unique. Did you（1）wonder how it is possible for us to（2）people? Even
12、 a skilled writer probably could not describe all the（3）that make one face different from another. Yet a very young child（4）an animal, such as a pigeoncan learn to recognize faces. We all（5）this ability for granted. We also tell people apart（6）how they behave. When we talk about someones personality
13、, we mean（7）in which he or she acts, speaks, thinks, and feels that（8）that individual different from others. Like the human face, human personality is very complex. But describing someones personality（9）words is somewhat easier than（10）his face. If you were asked to describe what a “nice face” looke
14、d like, you（11）have a difficult time doing so. But if you were asked to describe a “nice person,” you（12）（13）, friendly, warm, and so forth. There are many words to describe（14）a person thinks, feels, and acts. Gordon Airport（15）U.S. psychologist, found nearly 18,000 English words（16）differences in peoples behavior. And many of us use this information as a（17）for describing or typing a（18）.（19）military typespeople are described with such（20）.问题1选项A.sometimesB.everC.alwaysD.a
