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1、2022年考博英语-江西师范大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Much new knowledge is admittedly remote from the immediate interests of the ordinary man in the street. He is not intrigued or impressed by the fact that a noble gas (惰性气体) like xenon (氙) can form compounds something that until recently most chemists swore was
2、 impossible. While even this knowledge may have an impact on him when it is embodied in new technology, until then, he can afford to ignore it. A good bit of new knowledge, on the other hand, is directly related to his immediate concerns, his job, his politics, his family life, even his sexual behav
3、ior.A poignant example is the dilemma that parents find themselves in today as a consequence of successive radical changes in the image of the child in society and in our theories of childrearing.At the turn of the century in the United States, for example, the dominant theory reflected the prevaili
4、ng scientific belief in the importance of heredity in determining behavior. Mothers who had never heard of Darwin or Spencer raised their babies in ways consistent with the world views of these thinkers. Vulgarized and simplified, passed from person to person, these world views were reflected in the
5、 convictions of millions of ordinary people that “bad children are a result of bad stock,” that “crime is hereditary,” etc.In the early decades of the century, these attitudes fell back before the advance of environmentalism. The belief that environment shapes personality, and that the early years a
6、re the most important, created a new image of the child. The work of Watson and Pavlov began to creep into the public ken (知识). Mothers reflected the new behaviorism, refusing to feed infants on demand, refusing to pick them up when they cried, weaning (断奶) early to avoid prolonged dependency.A stud
7、y by Martha Wolfenstein has compared the advice offered parents in seven successive editions of INFANT CARE, a handbook issued by the United States Childrens Bureau between 1914 and 1951. She found distinct shifts in the preferred methods for dealing with weaning and thumb-sucking. It is clear from
8、this study that by the late thirties still another image of the child had gained ascendancy. Freudian concepts swept in like a wave and revolutionized childrearing practices. Suddenly, mothers began to hear about “the rights of infants” and the need for “oral gratification.” Permissiveness became th
9、e order of the day.11. The passage tells us that any new knowledge will have a powerful influence on ordinary people if_.12. The prevailing scientific belief at the turn of the century was that_.13. It can be inferred from the passage that mothers who were influenced by Freudian ideas tended to be_.
10、14. The authors attitude towards the world views is basically_.15. The best title for the passage is_.问题1选项A.it is simple and understandableB.it is advocated by eminent personsC.it has been put into practice and proven trueD.it has something to do with their immediate concerns问题2选项A.personality was
11、shaped by environmentB.character was transmitted from parentsC.behavior was determined by social backgroundD.outlook was colored by prevailing beliefs问题3选项A.critical of prolonged maternal care of the infantsB.tolerant of their babies thumb-sucking habitsC.aware of the importance of weaning infants e
12、arlyD.tired of picking their babies up the minute they cried问题4选项A.humorousB.negativeC.positiveD.tolerant问题5选项A.Shift in Childrearing PatternsB.Revolution in Childrearing PracticesC.Freudian Theories and ChildrearingD.Penetration of New knowledge【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:B第4题:B第5题:A【解析】11.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题
13、。第一步，精准定位，定位到第一段倒数一二句While even this knowledge may have an impact on him when it is embodied in new technology, until then, he can afford to ignore it. A good bit of new knowledge, on the other hand, is directly related to his immediate concerns, his job, his politics, his family life, even his sexu
14、al behavior.“虽然这些知识在新技术中体现出来时可能会对他产生影响，但在那之前，他可以忽略它。另一方面，有一些新知识直接关系到他的切身利益，他的工作，他的政治立场，他的家庭生活，甚至他的性行为”。第二步，综合理解，新技术出来的时候我们有时候会忽略它，因为人们觉得这些技术与自己无关但是当某些技术与自己利益相关时人们就会在乎了，所以答案选D选项“这与他们当前的关切有关”。A选项“它简单易懂”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。B选项“它是由知名人士提倡的”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。C选项“它已被付诸实践并被证明是正确的”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。12.【试题答案】C【试题解析】事实细节
15、题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第三段第一句At the turn of the century in the United States, for example, the dominant theory reflected the prevailing scientific belief in the importance of heredity in determining behavior“例如，在世纪之交的美国，占主导地位的理论反映了流行的科学信念，即遗传在决定行为方面的重要性”，第二步，综合理解，句子内容就是C选项“行为是由社会背景决定的”，所以答案选C选项。A选项“人的性格是由环境塑造的”，定位到第四段第一二句话In the early decades of the century, these attitudes fell back before the advance of environmentalism. The belief that environment shapes personality，时间是本世纪早期，与题干不符，这里属于反向干扰。B选项“性状由亲本遗传”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。D选项“观点受到普遍信念的影响”，文章没有提及，属于无中生有。13.【试题答案】B【试题解析】事实细节题。第一步，精准定位，定位到第五段倒数第一二三句Freud
