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1、2022年考博英语-西南大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题Read the following passage into ChineseIt is well that young men should begin at the beginning and occupy the most subordinate positions. Many of the leading businessmen of Pittsburgh had a serious responsibility thrust upon them at the very threshold of their ca
2、reer. They were introduced to the broom, and spent the first hours of their business lives sweeping out the office. I notice we have janitors and janitresses now in offices, and our young men unfortunately miss that salutary branch of business education. But if by chance the professional sweeper is
3、absent any morning, the boy who has the genius of the future partner in him will not hesitate to try his hand at the broom. It does not hurt the newest comer to sweep out the office if necessary I was one of those sweepers myself.【答案】年轻人从头做起，担任基层职位，这是件好事。匹兹堡很多有名望的商人在创业之初都身负重任。他们拿过扫把，最初都是清扫办公室。我注意到我们
4、办公室清洁工人，这使得我们的年轻人不幸失去了一个受良好商业教训的机会。但是如果某天早晨碰巧那位清洁工人没有来，某位用于未来合伙人气质的年轻人会毫不犹豫地拿起扫把。如果有必要，新来的员工在办公室打扫并没有什么损失。我就一度自己打扫过。2. 单选题In recent years, we have all watched the increasing commercialization of the campus. The numerous advertising posters and the golden arches of fast food outlets may be an affront
5、 to our aesthetic sensibilities, but they are, arguably, no worse than ugly. Some of the other new features of commercialized campus life do, however, constitute a serious threat to things we rightly revere. “Privatization” and the “business model” are the potential menace.What do these notions mean
6、? To me, they involve an increased dependence on industry and philanthropy for operating the university; an increased amount of our resources being directed to applied or so-called practical subjects, both in teaching and in research; a proprietary treatment of research results, with the commercial
7、interest in secrecy overriding the publics interest in free, shared knowledge; and an attempt to run the university more like a business that treats industry and students as clients and ourselves as service providers with something to sell. We pay increasing attention to the immediate needs and dema
8、nds of our “customers” and, as the old saying goes, “the customer is always right”.Privatization is particularly frightening from the point of view of public well-being. A researcher employed by a university-affiliated hospital in Canada, working under contract with a pharmaceutical company, made pu
9、blic her findings that a particular drug was harmful. This violated the terms of her contract, and so she was fired. Her dismissal caused a scandal, and she was subsequently reinstated. The university and hospital in question are now working out something akin to tenure for hospital-based researcher
10、s and guidelines for contracts, so that more public disclosure of privately funded research will become possible. This is a rare victory and a small step in the right direction, but the general trend is the other way. Thanks to profit-driven private funding, researchers are not only forced to keep v
11、aluable information secret, they are often contractually obliged to keep discovered dangers to public health under wraps, too. Of course, we must not be too naive about this. Governments can unwisely insist in secrecy, too, as did the British Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food in the work
12、they funded in connection with the bovine spongiform encephalopathy epidemic. This prevented others from reviewing the relevant data and pointing out that problems were more serious than government was letting on.1.From the first paragraph we can learn that the campus life become （ ）.2.The author be
13、lieves that we should pay（ ）.3.The researcher mentioned in the third paragraph was fired because（ ）.4. It is implied in the passage that（ ）.5.The author argues for（ ）.问题1选项A.more convenientB.rather uglyC.somewhat harmfulD.no more aesthetic than before问题2选项A.more attention to the immediate needs and
14、demands of our customersB.due attention to the public interest in free, shared knowledgeC.little attention to applied subjectsD.considerable attention to the commercial interest in the secrecy of research results问题3选项A.she worked for a pharmaceutical companyB.she was obliged to keep her discoveries
15、secretC.she failed to keep her research results secretD.she committed herself to a contract with a company问题4选项A.the general public is too naive to accept the “privatization”B.it is a general trend that there will be more public disclosure of privately funded researchC.the notion that the customer i
16、s always right” is out of dateD.the bovine spongiform encephalopathy epidemic in Britain was more serious than what was disclosed问题5选项A.public disclosure of privately funded researchB.profit-driven private fundingC.the cooperation of universities and hospitalsD.the increasing commercialization of the campus【答案】
