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1、水圈 hydrosphere 水体 water body 水科学 water science 水文学hydrology 陆地水文学land hydrology 应用水文学 applied hydrology 工程水文学 engineering hydrology 水汽 water vapour水文要素 hydrologic elements 积雪 snow cover 终雪 latest snow 融雪 snowmelt冰雹hail截留 interception填洼 depression detention 地面滞留 surface detention 陆面蒸发 evaporation of
2、land水面蒸发 evaporation of water surface 土壤蒸发 evaporation from soil 散发（植物蒸腾）transpiration 蒸发能力 evaporation capability 下渗（入渗）infiltration稳渗 steady infiltration下渗能力 infiltration capability 河川径流river runoff 降雨径流 rainfall runoff 暴雨径流 storm runoff 融雪径流 snowmelt runoff 枯季径流 dry season runoff 基流 base flow阴塞高压
3、blocking high 低空急流lowlevel jet 低涡vortex反气旋（高压）anticyclone 气旋（低压）cyclone 热带气旋 tropic cyclone 热带低压 tropic depression 热带风暴tropic storm强热带风暴 severe tropic storm 气团 air mass锋（锋面）front气象 meteorology气候区划 climatic regionalization 气候带 climatic zone小气候 microclimate副热带（亚热带）subtropic zone比湿 specific humidity蒲福风
4、级 Beaufort wind scale霜点 frost point霜冻 frostbite无霜期 frostfree period流域 watershed （basin）闭合流域 enclosed basin不闭合流域 nonenclosed basin闭流区（内流区）bling drainage area分水线（分水岭）divide流域几何特征 basin geometric characteristics 河道复流（河道再生）resurgence常年河 perennial stream间歇河 intermittent stream悬河（地上河）elevated stream夺流河（断头
5、河）captured river盈水河 gaining stream亏水河 losing stream暴洪河流flashy stream界河 boundary river废河道（古河道）dead river凹岸 concave bank凸岸 convex bank岸壁 land wall水边线（岸线）water line堤防levee河长 river length河弯 river bend弯曲率 tortuosity航道 navigable channel河段reach潜洲 submerged bar水利学 hydraulics明渠水力学 open channel hydraulics水静力学
6、hydrostatics水动力学 hydrodynamics明渠水流 open channel flow恒定流 steady flow非恒定流 unsteady flow均匀流（等速流）uniform flow非均匀流（变速流）nonuniform flow 急流 supercritical flow缓流 subcritical flow 异重流 density current 临界流 critical flow 临界水深 critical depth 临界流速 critical velocity 临界流量 critical discharge 水头head位置水头（位能）elevation
7、head 低强水头（压能）pressure head 流速水头（动能）velocity head 雷诺数 Reymold number 韦伯数 Weber number 水力因素 hydraulic factor 湿周 wetted perimeter 水力半径 hydraulic radius 宽深比 widthdepth ratio 落差fall驻波 standing wave移动波 translation wave 河流动力学 river dynamics 山洪侵蚀 torrential erosion 流域产沙量 watershed sediment yield 溶解性总固体 tota
8、l dissolved solids 离子含量 ion concentration 离子总量 total ion concentration 离子流量ion discharge 矿化度 mineral content 盐度 salinity 碱度 alkalinity 酸度 acidity电导率 electric conductivity 混浊度（浊度）turbidity 总需氧量 total oxygen demand 溶解氧 dissolved oxygen 需氧量 oxygen demand生化需氧量 biochemical oxygen demand 滑雪需氧量 chemical ox
9、ygen demand 硬度 hardness非碳酸盐硬度（永久硬度）non carbonatehardness浮冰 floating ice 锚冰 anchor ice 封冻期 freezeup period 封冻（封河）freezeup平封 flat freezeup 立封 upright freezeup 冰盖 ice cover 连底冻 grounded ice cover 冰丘 ice mound封冻冰缘 ice edge of freezeup 清沟lead初生清沟primary lead 再生清沟 secondary lead 冰花路毡 sludge road felt 冰上覆雪
10、 snow cover over ice 冰脊 ice ridge 冰缝crack悬冰 suspended ice cover 冰堆 ice pack 冰塞ice jam 冰上结冰aufeis 解冻期 breakup period 冰变色 color change of ice cover 冰上有水 accumulation of melt water 月中天 lunar transit引潮力 tidal generation force 天文潮 astronomic tide 气象潮 metorologic tide 潮汐周期tidal cycle 半日潮 semidiurnal tide
11、全日潮 diurnal tide 混合潮mixed tide 大潮 spring tide 小潮 neap tide 中潮 moderate tide 太阴月lunar day 潮期 duration of tide 涨潮历时 duration of tidal rise 落潮历时 duration of tidal fall 潮流 tidal current 涨潮流 flood tidal current 落潮流 ebb tidal current 憩流 slack tide潮流速 tidal velocity 往复流 reversing current 旋转流 rotary current
12、 潮流期 duration of tidal current 涨潮流历时 duration of flood current地下水流速 velocity of groundwater flow 地下水坡度（地下水水面坡度）hydraulic gradient of groundwater地下水等水位线图 water-table contour map 含水层 aquifer含水岩系 water-content rock series含水岩组 watercontent rock formation含水岩性 watercontent rock property 含水介质 waterhearing
13、medium 均匀介质 homogeneous medium 非均匀介质 inhomogeneous medium 含水层边界aquifer boundary透水边界 permeable boundary 隔水边界 confining boundary 弱透水边界 acquitted boundary透水层 permeable bed 隔水层 confining bed 弱透水层 acquitter水文地质参数 hydrogeological parameters 渗透系数 permeability coefficient导水系数（释水系数）coefficient of transmissiv
14、ity贮水系数storativity水位传导系数（水力扩散系数）coefficient of water table conductivity压力传导系数coefficient of pressure conductivity 持水度 waterholding capacity土壤水分常数 soil moisture constants土壤吸湿系数 absorption coefficient of soil moisture凋萎系数 wilting coefficient 田间持水量field capacity 毛管断裂含水量moisture content at capillary rup
15、ture最大水分吸水量maximum molecular moisture content零通量面法 zero flux plane method 潜水 phreatic water降水入渗补给 precipitation recharge降水入渗补给系数 coefficient of precipitation recharge地表水补给 surface water recharge 凝结水补给 condensation recharge侧向补给 lateral recharge越流补给 leakage recharge灌溉补给系数 irrigation recharge coefficient of groundwater潜水蒸发 phreatic water evaporation潜水蒸发临界深度critical depth of phreatic water evaporation潜水溢出量 phreatic water overflow to surface 潜水位 phreatic water level潜水埋深 buried depth of phreatic water level 潜水含水层厚度 thickness of phreatic water aquifer内流湖 endorheic lake淡水
