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1、第一讲知识点1. by asking the teacher for help 通过向老师求助 by 介词，意为“通过，靠”By: 通过.方式（途径）。例：I learn English by listening to tapes.在.旁边。例：by the window/the door 乘坐交通工具 例：by bus/car 在之前，到为止。例：by October在10月前 被 例：English is spoken by many people.ask sb for help “向某人要某物，要求某人某事”，还可以用“请求某人/某事，寻求某人/某物”My mother asked me
2、 for help yesterday.昨天我母亲要我帮忙。She asked for time to think all this over.她要求给她时间把这一切好好想想。Did anybody ask for me?有人找过我吗？with the help of sb. = with ones help 在某人的帮助下如：with the help of LiLei = with LiLeis help 在李雷的帮助下2. Do you learn English by watching English-language videos? 你通过看英文录像学习英语吗？Watch 动词，意为
3、“看，观看”，指专注的看，含有“欣赏”之意。如：Do you watch TV at night?Look 强调“看”的动作，不强调是否“看见”了，后接宾语是与at 连用。如：Look! The bus is coming.See 强调“看”的结果，表示“看见，看到” 如：What can you see in the picture?Read 强调看书、报、杂志等。3. aloud, loud与loudly的用法 : 三个词都与大声或响亮有关。 aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。意为“大声地”与“call,shout,cry”连用
4、，意为“出声地”与read 连用。aloud没有比较级形式。如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh，sing等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如: She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后,常与knock,ring等连用。如: He does not talk loudly or
5、laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。4.Its too hard to understand the voices.听懂那些话太难了。Tooto/ sothat / notenough to “太.以至于不能”Voice 嗓音 多指说话或唱歌的声音，有时也可以指鸟或动物的叫声。 I recognized her voice at once.我立刻听出了她的声音。Sound 声音 泛指能听到的各种声音。 I heard strange sound in the next room.我听见隔壁有怪声。Noise 噪音 指混乱、吵闹、喧哗的声音，含有使人感到不愉快或不舒
6、服的意思。Dont make so much noise.别那么大声喧哗。5.end up 意为“结束”，其后可以跟with,in,doing等。后跟with 表示“以结束”；后跟in ，后面要接一个地点名词；doing 则表示end up后面接一个动名词，如end up dancing.6. spoken 口头的，口语的。spoken English 口头英语 speaking 讲话的，说某种语言的。Speaking skills讲英语的能力7. make mistakes 犯错 mistake sb. for 把错认为 make mistakes (in) doing sth. 在干某事方
7、面出错 by mistake 错误地；由于搞错 mistake-mistook-mistaken如：I often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。 I mistook him for his brother.我错把他认成了他的哥哥。make a mistake 犯一个错误 如： I have made a mistake. 我已经犯了一个错误。8.join,join in,take part in Join 指参加某党派、团体或参军等，并成为其中的一员。 He joined the army last year. Join in 指参加某项活动，但多指正在进行的活动。 I hope
8、 you can join in the discussion.Take part in指参加某项活动（比赛）并在活动中起一定的作用。 Did you take part in the sports meeting yesterday? 9.be afraid of doing sth. / sth.害怕 be afraid of being alonebe afraid to do sth.害怕 be afraid that恐怕担心，表示委婉语气10.speak,talk,say,tellSpeak 强调开口说话、发言的动作，一般用作不及物动词，后跟某种语言作宾语时是及物动词Talk 强调双
9、方“交谈” ，一般用作不及物动词talk to /with sb.(about ) sth 同某人谈论某事Say强调说话内容，通常用作及物动词，后接所说话的内容 say sth to sb 向某人说某事Tell用作及物动词，后接双宾语或复合宾语 tell sb sth tell sb (not ) to do sth 11.also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间 either 也（用于否定句）常在句末 too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末=as well 12. Either 放在否定句末表示“也” 两者中的“任一” eitheror或者或者.引导主语部分，谓语动词按照就近原则13.h
10、ave trouble/difficult/problem (in) doing. 干.遇到麻烦，困难have trouble with sb ./sth 在对付某人/处理某事上有困难 be in trouble 处于苦恼、困境中14.unless 除非，如果不，等于“if not”本身就表示否定，引导条件状语从句，主句为将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。 例：My baby sister doesnt cry unless shes hungry. =My baby sister doesnt cry if she isnt hungry.Unless you take more c
11、are, youll have an accident.如果你不多加小心的话，你会出事的。15.instead: adv. 代替，更换。 例：We have no coffee, would you like tea instead？ 我们没有咖啡了，改喝茶好吗？It will take days by car, so lets fly instead. 开车去要好几天呢，咱们还是坐飞机吧。Tom was ill, so I went instead.汤姆病了，所以换了我去。instead of doing sth. 作为某人或某事物的替换例：Lets play cards instead o
12、f watching TV. We sometimes eat rice instead of potatoes.Give me the red one instead of the green one.16. 提建议的句子：What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? Why dont you + do sth.? 如：Why dont you go shopping? Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping? Lets + do sth. 如： Lets go sho
13、pping Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping?17. a lot 许多 常用于句末 如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。18. laugh at sb. 笑话；取笑（某人） 如：Dont laugh at me!不要取笑我!19.take notes 做笔记，做记录 20. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做乐意做 如： She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。21. one of +(th
14、e+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式 其中之一如： She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是最受欢迎的教师之一。22. Its +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事 如：Its difficult (for me ) to study English.对于我来说学习英语太难了。 句中的it 是形式主语，真正的主语是to study English23. practice doing 练习做某事 如： She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。24. decide
15、 to do sth. 决定做某事 如： LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing . 李雷已经决定去北京。25. deal with 处理相当于 do with 如：I dealt with a lot of problem.26. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事 如：Mother worried about his son just now. 妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。27. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 如： I was angry with her. 我对她生气。 be angry at 对某事感到生气 be angry with sb. for (doing) sth 因为（做）某事而生某人的气28. perhaps = maybe 也许29. go by
