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1、2022-2023年考博英语-清华大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题One of the main reasons is that the universitys（ ）attracts students and faculty staff all over the world.问题1选项A.fraudB.respondentC.misconductD.prestige【答案】D【解析】名词辨析。Fraud 欺诈; respondent （尤指离婚案的）被告；misconduct 不当行为; prestige 声望 。句意: 其中一个主要原因是大学的 吸引了全世界的学生和教职员工。故D项符
2、合句意。2. 单选题I can respect someone who is（ ）for their actions, but I cannot respect someone who is always pointing the finger.问题1选项A.millenniumB.dominantC.accountableD.commercial【答案】C【解析】语义题。millennium 一千年，千禧年；dominant 占优势的，支配的；accountable 负有责任的；commercial 商业的，商务的。accountable符合要求。根据句中but一词推测, 空格出应填与alw
3、ays pointing the finger(总是指手画脚)反向的词。因此选C。3. 单选题Her talk at the seminar clearly（ ）from the topic the supervisor expected in the field ofsociology.问题1选项A.alternatedB.amplifiedC.designatedD.diverged【答案】D【解析】固定搭配。句意:她的发言明显与领导期望的在社会学领域的主题（ ） 。Diverged from为固定搭配，意为“背道而驰；背离”。4. 单选题Wed like to（ ）a table for
4、 five for dinner this evening.问题1选项A.preserveB.reserveC.sustainD.retain【答案】B【解析】动词辨析。preserve 保留; reserve 预订，预约; sustain 维持;retain 保持,持有。句意: 今晚我们想 一张五个人的餐桌。选项B符合句意。5. 翻译题For most of human history, the dominant concerns about energy have centered on the benefit side. Inadequacy of energy resources of
5、 the technologies for harvesting, converting, and distributing those resources has meant insufficient energy benefits to human beings and hence inconvenience, and constraints on its growth. The 1970s，then, represented a turning point. Energy was seen to be getting costlier in all respects. It began
6、to be believable that excessive energy costs could pose threats on a par with those of insufficient supply. It also became possible to think that expanding some forms of energy supply could create costs exceeding the benefits.The crucial question at the beginning of the 1990s is whether the trend th
7、at began in the 1970s will prove to be temporary or permanent. Is the era of cheap energy really over, or will a combination of new resources, new technology and changing geopolitics bring it back? One key determinant of the answer is the staggering scale of energy demand brought forth by 100 years
8、of population growth and industrial demand.Except for the huge pool of oil underlying the Middle East, the cheapest oil and gas are already gone. Even if a few more giant oil fields are discovered, they will make little difference against consumption on todays scale. Oil and gas will have to come in
9、creasingly, for most countries, from deeper in the earth and from imports whose reliability and affordability cannot be guaranteed.【答案】在人类历史发展的长河中，人们主要关心的是能源有利的一面。能源资源不足，或者为开采、加工和分配这些资源所需技术的不足，会影响能源为人类带来的利益，同时意味着能源的增长遭到干扰和限制。到了 20世纪70年代，出现了一个转折点，能源多方成本所带来的威胁已同能源供应不足所产生的威胁不相上下。同时，也有人担心，依靠扩大能源资源增加供应所需
10、付出的代价，也许大于其所带来的利益。20世纪90年代初期人们关注的焦点在于，这种始于70年代的能源发展趋势是暂时的还是长远的。廉价能源时代真的一去不返，还是通过开发新能源、应用新技术、改革地缘政治秩序等措施，有可能重登历史舞台？这个问题的一个关键因素是过去100年以来因人口空前增长带来巨大的能源需求以及工业需求。除了中东地区蕴藏着巨大的石油资源以外，地球上廉价的油气资源已经不复存在。即使偶尔找到几个大油田，同当今巨大的能源消耗相比，也是杯水车薪。对于大多数国家来说，资源越来越多地依赖于深层埋藏，越来越多地依赖进口，且不说进口油气资源的可靠性无法得到保障，其对于进口国的购买力也是一个考验。6.
11、写作题You are asked to write in no less than 200 words about the title of Harmful Plagiarism in Academic Field in China. You should base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below.Remember to write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.目前在学术界出现了剽窃和抄袭等不良现象。作为一名未来的博士研究生，你如何看待这些现象，你认为应该如何制止，以及你应该如何从自身做起。
12、【答案】Harmful Plagiarism in Academic Field in China7. 单选题They need to move to new and large apartments. Do you know of any（ ）ones in thisarea?问题1选项A.evacuatedB.emptyC.vacantD.vacate【答案】C【解析】近义词辨析。句意：他们要到大的新公寓,需要的应该是空房。empty和vacant都有“空”的意思，但区别在于empty house表示完全不存在内容物; vacant house是指可能有家具放着，但暂时无人居住的房子。因此
13、,选项C符合句意。8. 单选题The United Nation Law of the Sea Conference would soon produce an ocean-mining treatyfollowing its（ ）declaration in 1970 that oceans were the heritage of mankind.问题1选项A.unanimousB.abstractC.autonomousD.almighty【答案】A【解析】固定用法。unanimous 意见一致的，无异议的；abstract 抽象的；autonomous 自治的；almighty 全能的
14、。unanimous 与declaration 连用, 表示 达成一致的声明。9. 单选题The government is trying to help these enterprises out of the（ ）by various means.问题1选项A.flightB.plightC.delightD.twilight【答案】B【解析】近义词辨析。flight 航班，航机；plight 境况，困境；delight 高兴，快乐；twilight 黄昏，黎明。plight放在此处比较适合, out of the plight意为“走出困境”。10. 单选题These changes h
15、ave not been sufficient to（ ）the losses.问题1选项A.stemB.stimulateC.causeD.compensate【答案】D【解析】语义题。空格填人的词应与sufficient词义相近。因此D项compensate （补偿，报酬）符合要求。11. 单选题These samples have to be（ ）in certain kind of chemical water in order to protect them.问题1选项A.immersedB.crispedC.armoredD.arrayed【答案】A【解析】动词词义辨析。Immerse浸没, 陷入； crisp 变脆,卷曲；ar
