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1、自动化专业本科毕业设计英文翻译学院(部)：专业班级：学生姓名：指导教师：年月日ProgrammableLogicControllerONE：PLCoverviewProgrammablecontrolleristhefirstinthelate1960sintheUnitedStates,thencalledPLCprogrammablelogiccontroller(ProgrammableLogicController)isusedtoreplacerelays.Fortheimplementationofthelogicaljudgment,timing,sequencenumber,a
2、ndothercontrolfunctions.TheconceptispresentedPLCGeneralMotorsCorporation.PLCandthebasicdesignisthecomputerfunctionalimprovements,flexible,genericandotheradvantagesandrelaycontrolsystemsimpleandeasytooperate,suchastheadvantagesofcheappricescombinedcontrollerhardwareisstandardandoverall.Accordingtothe
3、practicalapplicationoftargetsoftwareinordertocontrolthecontentoftheuserproceduresmemorycontroller,thecontrollerandconnectingtheaccusedconvenienttarget.Inthemid-1970s,thePLChasbeenwidelyusedasacentralprocessingunitmicroprocessor,importexportmoduleandtheexternalcircuitsareused,large-scaleintegratedcir
4、cuitsevenwhenthePlcisnolongertheonlylogical(IC)judgmentfunctionsalsohavedataprocessing,PIDconditioninganddatacommunicationsfunctions.InternationalElectrotechnicalCommission(IEC)standardspromulgatedprogrammablecontrollerforprogrammablecontrollerdraftmadethefollowingdefinition:programmablecontrolleris
5、adigitalelectroniccomputersoperatingsystem,specificallyforapplicationsintheindustrialdesignenvironment.Itusedprogrammablememory,usedtoimplementlogicintheirinternalstorageoperations,sequencecontrol,timing,countingandarithmeticoperations,suchasoperatinginstructions,andthroughdigitalandanaloginputandou
6、tput,thecontrolofvarioustypesofmachineryorproductionprocesses.Programmablecontrollerandrelatedperipherals,andindustrialcontrolsystemseasilylinkedtoformawhole,toexpanditsfunctionaldesign.Programmablecontrollerfortheuser,isanon-contactequipment,theprocedurescanbechangedtochangeproductionprocesses.Thep
7、rogrammablecontrollerhasbecomeapowerfultoolforfactoryautomation,widelypopularreplication.Programmablecontrollerisuser-orientedindustriesdedicatedcontrolcomputer,withmanydistinctivefeatures.First,highreliability,anti-interferencecapability;Second，programmingvisual,simple;Third,adaptabilitygood;Fourth
8、functionalimprovements,strongfunctionalinterface.TWO：HistoryofPLCProgrammableLogicControllers(PLC),acomputingdeviceinventedbyRichardE.Morleyin1968,havebeenwidelyusedinindustryincludingmanufacturingsystems,transportationsystems,chemicalprocessfacilities,andmanyothers.Atthattime,thePLCreplacedthehardw
9、iredlogicwithsoft-wiredlogicorso-calledrelayladderlogic(RLL),aprogramminglanguagevisuallyresemblingthehardwiredlogic,andreducedtherebytheconfigurationtimefrom6monthsdownto6daysMoodyandMorley,1999.AlthoughPCbasedcontrolhasstartedtocomeintoplace,PLCbasedcontrolwillremainthetechniquetowhichthemajorityo
10、findustrialapplicationswilladhereduetoitshigherperformance,lowerprice,andsuperiorreliabilityinharshenvironments.Moreover,accordingtoastudyonthePLCmarketofFrostandSullivan1995,anincreaseoftheannualsalesvolumeto15millionPLCperyearwiththehardwarevalueofmorethan8billionUSdollarshasbeenpredicted,thoughth
11、epricesofcomputinghardwareissteadilydropping.TheinventorofthePLC,RichardEMorley,fairlyconsidersthePLCmarketasa5-billionindustryatthepresenttime.ThoughPLCsarewidelyusedinindustrialpractice,theprogrammingofPLCbasedcontrolsystemsisstillverymuchrelyingontrial-and-error.Alikesoftwareengineering,PLCsoftwa
12、redesignisfacingthesoftwaredilemmaorcrisisinasimilarway.MorleyhimselfemphasizedthisaspectmostforcefullybyindicatingIfhouseswerebuiltlikesoftwareprojects,asinglewoodpeckercoulddestroycivilization.”Particularly,practicalproblemsinPLCprogrammingaretoeliminatesoftwarebugsandtoreducethemaintenancecostsof
13、oldladderlogicprograms.ThoughthehardwarecostsofPLCaredroppingcontinuously,reducingthescantimeoftheladderlogicisstillanissueinindustrysothatlow-costPLCcanbeused.Ingeneral,theproductivityingeneratingPLCisfarbehindcomparedtootherdomains,forinstance,VLSIdesign,whereefficientcomputeraideddesigntoolsarein
14、practice.ExistentsoftwareengineeringmethodologiesarenotnecessarilyapplicabletothePLCbasedsoftwaredesignbecausePLC-programmingrequiresasimultaneousconsiderationofhardwareandsoftware.Thesoftwaredesignbecomes,thereby,moreandmorethemajorcostdriver.Inmanyindustrialdesignprojects,morethanofthemanpowerallo
15、catedforthecontrolsystemdesignandinstallationisscheduledfortestinganddebuggingPLCprograms.Inaddition,currentPLCbasedcontrolsystemsarenotproperlydesignedtosupportthegrowingdemandforflexibilityandreconfigurabilityofmanufacturingsystems.Afurtherproblem,impellingtheneedforasystematicdesignmethodology,is
16、theincreasingsoftwarecomplexityinlarge-scaleprojects.TheobjectiveofthisthesisistodevelopasystematicsoftwaredesignmethodologyforPLCoperatedautomationsystems.Thedesignmethodologyinvolveshigh-leveldescriptionbasedonstatetransitionmodelsthattreatautomationcontrolsystemsasdiscreteeventsystems,astepwisedesignprocess,andsetofdesignrulesprovidingguidanceandmeasurementstoachieveasuccessfuldesign.Thetangibleoutcomeofthisresearchistofindawaytoreducetheuncer
