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1、2022年考博英语-煤炭科学研究总院考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题The producers refused to even talk about residuals. They put forth a simple and （ ） question:Why should any employee be paid more than once for the same job?问题1选项A.compellingB.componentC.competentD.compulsive【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项compelling “令人信服的，引人注目的”，B项co
2、mponent “组成的”，C项competent “有能力的”，D项compulsive “强制的”；句意：制片人甚至拒绝提到剩余工资并提出了一个简单而又引人注目的问题：为什么雇主要为一次同样的工作付两次钱？因此A选项正确。2. 单选题President Coolidges statement, “The business of America is business,” still points to an important truth today that business institutions have more prestige in American society than
3、 any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions possess this great prestige?One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of p
4、rogress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself; it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.Competition protects the freedom of
5、 the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its cus
6、tomers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which is a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it
7、is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important as, or even more important than, democracy in preserving freedom.Competition in business is also believ
8、ed to strengthen the idea of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. B
9、usiness is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic idea of inherited privilege.1. The statement “The business of America is business” probably means “（ ）”.2. Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only （ ）.3. Who ca
10、n benefit from business competition?4. Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that government is characterized by （ ）.5. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes （ ）.问题1选项A.The business institutions in America are concerned with commerceB.Business problems a
11、re of great importance to the American governmentC.Business is of primary concern to AmericansD.America is a great power in world business问题2选项A.when given equality of opportunityB.through doing businessC.by protecting their individual freedomD.by way of competition问题3选项A.Honest businessmenB.Both bu
12、sinessmen and their customersC.People with ideals of equality and freedomD.Both business institutions and government问题4选项A.its absolute control of powerB.its function in preserving personal freedomC.its role in protecting basic American valuesD.its democratic way of exercising leadership问题5选项A.Ameri
13、cans are more ambitious than people in other countriesB.in many countries success often depends on ones social statusC.American businesses are more democratic than those in other countriesD.businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in America【答案】第1题:C第2题:D第3题:B第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.【试题
14、解析】语义推测题。题干意思是“句子The business of America is business可能是什么意思？”。第一段truth today that business institutions have more prestige in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government.（真相就是在美国社会商业机构比包括政府在内的其他任何类型的组织有更多的威望）说明美国人很关注商业。因此The business of America is business表达的意思是“商业
15、是美国人第一关心的”。A选项“美国商业机构关注的是商业”，这个选项逻辑没问题，但是比较片面；B项“商业问题对美国政府很重要”和D项“美国是全球商业的强国”没提到。故该题选C。2.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“美国人相信他们只有怎样才能实现他们的个人价值？”。第二段最后一句Competition is not only good in itself; it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.（竞争不仅本身是良好的，它还是一种保护手段，其他基本的美国人价值观都是受它的保护，如个人自由、机会均等和努力工作等），由此可知美国人是可以通过竞争实现他们的个人价值。B项“通过做生意”没有提到，A项“给予平等的机会”和C项“保护个人自由”都是包括在竞争的保护机制里面，最终还是通过竞争才能实现自己的价值。因此D选项正确。3.【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“商业竞争对谁有利？”。第三段第三句if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lo
