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1、Journal of Power Sources 116 (2003) 7998Battery Monitoring and Electrical Energy ManagementPrecondition for future vehicle electric power systems电池监测和电能管理 先决条件，未来汽车电力系统Eberhard Meissner*, Gerolf RichterVARTA Automotive, Vehicle Electric Systems & System Development, P.O. Box 210 520, D-30405 Hannove
2、r, GermanyAbstractNew vehicle electric systems are promoted by the needs of fuel economy and ecology as well as by new functions for the improvement of safety and comfort, reliability, and the availability of the vehicle. Electrically controlled and powered systems for braking, steering and stabilis
3、ation need a reliable supply of electrical energy.The planned generation of electrical energy (only when it is economically beneficial meaningful), an adequate storage, and thrifty energyhousekeeping with an intelligent integration of the battery as the storage medium into the overall concept of the
4、 vehicle Energy Management, and early detection of possible restrictions of reliability by Battery Monitoring allows for actions by the Energy Management well in advance, while the driver need not be involved at all.To meet todays requirements for Battery Monitoring and Energy Management, solutions
5、have been developed for series vehicles launchedin years 20012003, operating at the 14 V level.# 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Keywords: Automotive battery; SLI; Vehicle electric power system; Battery Monitoring; State-of-charge (SOC); State-of-health (SOH); BatteryManagement; Energ
6、y Management摘要 新系统的推广电动车辆的燃油经济性和生态的需要，以及由为安全和舒适性，可靠性和车辆的实用性改进的新功能。电控和动力制动，转向和稳定系统需要一个可靠的电能供应。 电能的（只有当它在经济上是有益的有意义）计划的产生，一足够的存储，节约能源和 家政与本电池作为存储介质将车辆能源管理整体概念智能集成，可靠性和可能的限制由电池监测早期检测由能源管理行动提前做好允许，而司机不必在所有参与。 为了满足电池监测和能源管理今天的要求，解决方案已制定了一系列的车辆推出 在2001-2003年，在14 V的水平运行。 2003 Elsevier科学B.诉保留所有权利。 关键词：汽车电池，
7、SLI技术，车辆电力系统，电池监测;国家的主管（SOC）的，国家的健康（希望之声）;电池 管理，能源管理 朗读显示对应的拉丁字符的拼音1. IntroductionThe term Battery Monitoring is used in a wide range of meanings, from occasional manual readings of voltages, of electrolyte gravity SG and level, and visual cell inspection, through periodical tests of capacity or man
8、ual measurement of battery resistance, to fully automated on-line supervision in critical applications with means for real-time estimation of residue bridging time, or of battery wear and tear.In this paper, the term Battery Monitoring is used for supervision without manual engagement, which is stat
9、e-of- the-art with many cycling batteries in automatically guided vehicles (AGVs), forklift trucks, submarines, electrically driven cars and trucks, as well as with standby batteries in telecom and UPS applications. With consumer applica- tions, any mobile phone, laptop or pocket computer, or evena
10、wristwatch is equipped with a device providing some information with respect to energy being left.Classical industrial cycling applications and many con- sumer devices are characterised byperiodical complete recharge, providing a well-defined reset to full state-of-charge (SOC),* Corresponding autho
11、r. Tel.: 49-511-975-2410.discharge starting from full SOC, until either the battery isexhausted or duty is completed,scarcely any recharge without reaching full SOC level(opportunity charge), andsingle type of discharge duty only to provide power for an application characterised by limited range of
12、discharge and recharge current rates, and operation temperatures.Periodical reset to full SOC allows for regularly re- calibration, and in the rare cases when recharge was unti- mely interrupted, some loss of precision may be acceptable. Discharge starting from a well-defined battery status with a l
13、imited variety of current rates and profiles facilitates track- ing of battery status.More difficult is the situation with stationary batteries operated together with solar or wind energy plants. While some of the characteristics mentioned above facilitate Battery Monitoring, as with traction batter
14、ies, full SOC is scarcely reached, because sizing of components and operational strategy aim at never reaching the extremes of the operating window in order to make optimum use of the solar and wind power potentially offered. Therefore, tracking of operational history to evaluate the actual battery
15、condition is difficult due to the accumulation of measuring inaccuracies.0378-7753/03/$ see front matter # 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00713-980E. Meissner, G. Richter / Journal of Power Sources 116 (2003) 7998When compared with these two types of operation, thespecific different situation of automotive batteries becomes obvious, technically impeding Battery Monitoring in the automotive fields:They are scarcely ever be
