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1、2022年考博英语-中国政法大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 单选题Public general hospitals originated in the almshouse infirmaries established as early as colonial times by local governments to care for the poor. Later, in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the infirmary separated from the almshouse and beca
2、me an independent institution supported by local tax money. At the same time, private charity hospitals began to develop. Both private and public hospitals provided mainly food and shelter for the impoverished sick, since there was little that medicine could actually do to cure illness, and the midd
3、le class was treated at home by private physicians.Late in the nineteenth century, the private charity hospital began trying to attract middle-class patients. Although the depression of 1890 stimulated the growth of charitable institutions and an expanding urban population became dependent on assist
4、ance, there was a decline in private contributions to these organizations which forced them to look to local government for financial support. Since private institutions had also lost benefactors; they began to charge patients. In order to attract middle-class patients, private institutions provided
5、 services and amenities that distinguished between paying and non-paying patients and made the hospital a desirable place for private physicians to treat their own patients. As paying patients became more necessary to the survival of the private hospital, the public hospitals slowly became the only
6、place for the poor to get treatment. By the end of the nineteenth century, cities were reimbursing private hospitals for their care of indigent patients and the public hospitals remained dependent on the tax dollars.The advent of private hospital health insurance, which provided middle-class patient
7、s with the purchasing power to pay for private hospital services, guaranteed the private hospital a regular source of income. Private hospitals restricted themselves to revenue-generating patients, leaving the public hospitals to care for file poor. Although public hospitals continued to provide ser
8、vices for patients with communicable diseases and-outpatient and emergency services, the Blue Cross plans developed around the needs of the private hospitals and the inpatients they served. Thus, reimbursement for ambulatory care has been minimal under most Blue Cross plans, and provision of outpati
9、ent care has not been a major function of the private hospital, in part because private patients can afford to pay for the services of private physicians. Additionally, since World War II，there has been a tremendous influx of federal money into private medical schools and the hospitals associated wi
10、th them. Further, large private medical centers with expensive research equipment and programs have attracted the best administrators, physicians, and researchers. As a result of the greater resources available to the private medical centers, public hospitals have increasing problems attracting high
11、ly qualified research and medical personnel. With the mainstream of health care firmly established in the private medical sector, the public hospital has become a “dumping ground.”56. According to the passage, the very first private hospitals _.57. It can be inferred that the author believes the dif
12、ferences that currently exist between public and private hospitals are primarily the result of _.58. Which of the following would be the most logical topic for the author to introduce in the next paragraph?59. The authors primary concern is to _.60. The authors attitude toward public hospitals can b
13、est be described as _.问题1选项A.developed from almshouse infirmariesB.were established mainly to service the poorC.were supported by government revenuesD.provided better care than public infirmaries问题2选项A.political considerationsB.legislative requirementsC.economic factorsD.ethical concerns问题3选项A.A pla
14、n to improve the quality of public hospitals.B.An analysis of the profit structure of health insurance companies.C.A proposal to raise taxes on the middle class.D.A discussion of recent developments in medical technology.问题4选项A.describe the financial structure of the healthcare industryB.demonstrate
15、 the importance of government support for health-care institutionsC.criticize wealthy institutions for refusing to provide services to the poorD.identify the historical causes of the division between private and public hospitals问题5选项A.contemptuous and prejudicedB.enthusiastic and supportiveC.apprehe
16、nsive and distrustfulD.concerned and understanding【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:A第4题:D第5题:D【解析】56.【试题答案】B【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据文章，最早的私立医院”。文章第一段说到Public general hospitals originated in the almshouse infirmaries established as early as colonial times by local governments to care for the poor.（公立综合医院起源于殖民地时期地方政府为照顾穷人而建立的救济院医务室），由此可知
