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1、构造地质学专业词汇Chapter 1 Basic Conceptgeometry几何学 undeformed无形变的 reconstruct重建，改造，推想 stratigraphic 地层学的 stratum（pl.strata）岩层 bedding 层理 formation 组 isopachytes 等厚线 diastem沉积暂停期 non-sequence间断不连续 tilt.（使）倾斜,（使）翘起 volcanogenic火山（生成）的 cessation停止，终止 outcrop露出地面的岩层 cross bedding 交错层理 unconformity角度不整合 basal基础
2、的，基本的,基部的 overstep 超覆 onlap上超、超覆 offlap退覆 toplap顶超 strike走向true dip真倾角 compass bearing 罗盘方位 apparent dip 视倾角stereogram极射（赤面投影）图 orthogonal直角的，直交的 clinometer 测斜仪 form lines形态线 isopachyte 等厚线 feather edge 尖灭 intersection 交叉点 topographic地形上的down plunge projection 俯瞰倾伏投影 palinspastic复原再造Chapter 2 Faults
3、 and Fracture fracture 破裂 joint节理cohesion结合，凝聚dilationalaqueous水的,水成的incline倾斜，斜坡，斜面portray 描绘interpretation解释，阐明，口译，通译 bed岩层bedded成层的bedding planes 层面deposit存放，堆积，沉淀 surface表面，外表，水面 sedimentation 沉淀,沉降 faunaldiscordance不调和，不和 synonymous 同义的 paraconformity似整合，沉积间断 disconformity假整合，平行不整合 graded beddi
4、ng 粒级层理overstep踏过，逾越，超出.的限度 truncate截去尖端，修剪 nonconformity 非整合 transgression 海侵、海进 regression 海退downlap 下超 dip倾角 foliation 面理azimuth方位,方位角 given特定的，假设的 plunge倾伏角 pitch侧倾角structure contour 构造等高线 form line contour形态等高线 borehole钻孔，地上凿洞 subcrop隐伏露头outliers夕卜露层inliers内露层diagrammatic图表的，概略的 balanced sectio
5、n 平衡剖面fault断层hanging wall 上盘 foot wall 下盘 calcite方解石 hade断层倾斜余角nomenclature命名法，术语dip-slip fault 倾滑断层tear fault平推断层heave平错normal fault 正断层dyke沟，渠，堤坝lay fault滞后断层dextral 右旋ritht-lateral 右行brittle易碎的，脆弱的fault gouge 断层泥plateystriate有条纹的，有细槽的cataclasite 碎裂岩mylonite糜棱岩ultramylonite 超糜棱岩slickensides 擦痕面gro
6、ove擦槽，凹槽slickenline 擦线normal drag 正牵弓 Ireverse drag 逆牵引antithetic faults次级反向断层，相反断层horst地垒transfer fault 转换断层staircase fault 阶状断层flat断坪imbricate边缘重叠成瓦状convergent会聚性的,收敛的overstep sequence超覆式逆冲顺序roof thrust顶板逆冲断层duplex双层结构sole thrust基底逆冲断层，冲断层基底活动面back thrust背冲，反冲triangle zone 三角带rollever anticline 滚动
7、背斜extensional duplex 伸展双层构造pull-apart basin 拉分盆地divergent分歧的perpendicular垂直的，正交的transpression转换压缩扭压作用inversion 反转negative inversion 负反转strike-slip fault 走滑断层wrench fault平推断层transcurrent fault 横推断层throw落差reverse逆断层thrust冲断层sinistral 左旋left-lateral 左行fault brecci断层角砾ductile易延展的，易教导的,柔软的flinty坚硬的，强硬的st
8、reaky有斑点的，有条纹的，容易变的crush breccia 压碎角砾岩cataclasis碎裂作用blastomylonite变余糜棱岩pseudotachylite假玄武玻璃slickenside striation 擦痕flexure屈曲，弯曲部分，打褶slickenfibre擦痕纤维nappesynthetic faults次级同向断层，同级断层 graben地堑splay fault入字形、八字形、人字形断层系 transform fault 转换断层ramp断坡detachment 拆离decollement 滑脱piggyback sequence背驮式逆冲顺序 imbric
9、ate zone 叠瓦带floor thrust底板逆冲断层horses断片fold plunge褶皱倾伏角pop-up冲起listric fault犁式断层listric fan 犁式扇half-graben 半地堑rift裂缝，裂口，断裂tabular扁平的，表格式的,平坦的transtension转换拉伸扭张作用flower structure 花状构造positive inversion 正反转sheet joint（顺）层节理席状节理Chapter 3 Foldsfold褶曲hing e枢纽limb 翼hinge lin e枢纽线cylindrical fold圆柱状褶皱axial
10、plane 轴平面fold axis 褶轴axial surface 轴（曲）面inter-limb angle 翼间角neutral fold中性褶皱fold angle 褶角wavelength 波长inflexion point 拐点amplitude 波幅fold axial trace 褶皱轴迹antiform 背形synform 向形neutral fold中性褶曲anticline 背斜syncline 向斜upright folds直立褶皱inclined folds 倾斜褶皱overfolds倒立褶皱crest 脊trough 槽gentle fold平缓褶皱open fol
11、d开阔褶皱close fold中常褶皱tight fold紧闭褶皱isoclined fold 同斜褶皱fold profile褶曲剖面parallel fold平行褶皱ovthogonal thickness 垂直层面厚度concentric fold 同心褶皱centre fo curvature 曲率中心similar fold相似褶皱chevron fold尖棱褶皱accordion fold 棱角褶皱kink band膝折带dip isogon 等斜线symmetric fold 对称褶皱asymmetruc fold不对称褶皱nonocline 等斜vergence 倒向paras
12、iteic folds 寄生褶皱enveloping surface 包络面harmonic folds 协调褶皱disharmonic folds 不协调褶皱conjugate folds 共轭褶皱box fold箱状褶皱polyclinal fold 多斜褶皱cylindroidal fold 圆柱状褶皱non-cylindrol fold非圆柱状褶皱pericline围斜构造brachyanticline 短轴背斜brachysyncline短轴向斜dome穹窿basin盆地culmination 轴隆区depression轴陷区凹陷interference 干涉superimpose
13、fold 叠加褶皱interferene structure 干涉构造dome and basin 穹盆（相间）crescent and mushroom 新月形，蘑菇形double zigzag 双之字buckling纵弯作用bending横弯作用flexural slip 弯滑kinking 膝折shear zone 剪切带slide滑动，滑移Chapter 4 Foliation, Lineation and Fabricfolliation 面理lineation 线理cleavage 劈理slaty cleavage 板劈理crenulation cleavage 褶劈理beddig
14、n folliation 顺层面理fabric组构schistosity 片理fracture cleavage 破劈理 solution cleavage 溶解劈理penetrative 透入性spaced cleavage 间隔劈理gneissosity 片麻理conglomerate 聚结hornblende 角闪石specimen标本，样品，样本clay 粘土，泥土aggregate集合体，集合的,聚合的slab厚平板，厚片hydraulic fracturing 水压破裂作用stylolite缝合线meamorphic defferentiation 变质分异作用 shape fab
15、ric形态组构rootless intrafolial fold 面理内无根褶皱 elongation lineation 伸长线理 asymmetric不均匀的，不对称的fissility易裂性，分裂性shale页岩,泥板岩schist片岩paragneiss副片麻岩Intrafolial folds 面理褶皱mullion竖框，直棂，放射状框Mineral lineations 矿物线理boudin石香肠pinch-and-swell肿缩石香肠fabric组构heterogeneous 非均匀sub-grain boundary 亚颗粒边界 deformation band 变形带deformation lamellae 变形纹Chapter 5 Stressdeformation 变形force 力
