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1、名词性从句I. 宾语从句学习宾语从句要抓住三要素：连接词、语序和时态。(I.)宾语从句的定义宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以做介词的宾语作动词的宾语: I heard that he would come here later on. 作介词的宾语: saidnothing about who broke the window last night. (II.)宾语从句中引导词（连接词）的用法在复合句中作主句的宾语，引导词有：连词：that (that 常可省略),whether, if连接代词：who, whose, what ,which连接副词：when ,whe
2、re, how, why 等。 He told me (that he would) go to the college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学. I dont know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没有人知道他是否会通过考试.1. that引导的宾语从句（在非正式场合that可以省略）(1.) 可跟that从句做宾语的动词有：say, think, insist, wish, hope, demand, imagi
3、ne, wonder, know, suppose, see, believe, agree, admit, deny, expect, explain, order, command, feel, dream, suggest, hear, mean, notice, prefer, request, require, propose, declare, report等。 The boy believes that he will travel through space to other planets.(2.) 宾语从句的否定转移:当主句谓语动词是 think, believe, sup
4、pose, expect 等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。 I dont think it is right for him to treat you like that.主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致. I dont believe that man is killed by Jim, is he? I expect our English tea
5、cher will be back this weekend, wont she/he? We suppose you have finished the project, havent you?如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词(不包含带有否定前缀的词，如：unhappy，unfair，dislike等),其反义疑问句要用肯定形式. We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he? 当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，其反义疑问句一般与主句保持一致。 Your sister supposes she nee
6、ds no help, doesnt she? You thought they could have completed the project, didnt you? They dont believe shes an engineer, do they? She doesnt expect that we are coming so soon, does she?练习题(1)I dont think he is right, _?Aisnt he Bis he Cdo I Ddont I(2). He believes she is right, _?Adoesnt he Bdoes h
7、e Cis she Disnt she(3).I thought that he disliked playing football,_?Adidnt he Bdid he Cdid I Ddidnt I(4). I find _ important that we practice English every day.A. it B. this C. that D. what(5). You cant imagine _when they received the nice gift.A. how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. ho
8、w excited were they D. they were how excited(3.) 在以下情况中that不能省略当句中的动词后接多于两个由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省，但后面的that不可省。 I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get better 当主句的谓语动词与that宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省。 Just then I noticed, for the first time, that our master was wearing his fine gre
9、en coat and his black silk cap. 当that从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时，that不可省。I cant tell him that his mother died. 当it作形式宾语时 She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him许多带复合宾语的句子，that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部，而用it作形式宾语。当宾语从句前置时 That our team will win，I believe当that作learn, suggest, explain, agree, wonder, prove, mean,
10、 state, feel, hold等动词的宾语时; Opinion polls suggest that only 10% of the population trusts the government.2. 由whether, if 引导的宾语从句(1.) 当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。 I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years (2.) 但在下列情况下只能用whether，不能用if：在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用
11、whether（ifor not也可以使用）。 Let me know whether if he will come or not（Let me know whether or not he will come） I dont know whether if he does any washing or not（I dont know whether or not he does any washing） I wonder whether we stay or whether wego在介词之后用whether。 Im interested in whether he likes Engli
12、sh Were thinking about whether we can finish the work on time在不定式前用whether。 He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man He hasnt decided whether to go by bus or by trainwhether置于句首时，不能换用if。 Whether this is true or not，I cant say引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。 Whether she will come or not is still a questio
13、n若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。 Please let me know if you like the book该句子可理解为：If you like the book，please let me know你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我(3.) 只能用if不能用whether引导的宾语从句if引导条件状语从句，意为“如果” The students will go on a picnic if it is sunny. if引导否定概念的宾语从句时 He asked if I didnt come to school yesterday. 引导状语从句even if（即使）和as if
14、（好象）时 He talks as if he has known all about it. 3. 连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句(1.) 这样的宾语从句实际上是由特殊疑问句变化而来的，宾语从句要用陈述句语序。用于这种结构的动词常常是：see, say, tell, ask, answer, know, decide, show, find out, imagine, suggest, doubt, wonder, discover, understand, inform, advise等。(2.) 连接代词：who, whom, whose, which, what, 在句中担任主语、宾
15、语、定语或者表语。连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? The book will show you what the best CEOs should know. Have you determined whichever you should buy, a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?(3.) 连接副词：when, where, why, how, 在句中担任状语的成分。 He didnt tell me when we should meet again. Could you please tell me how you use the new pa
