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1、毕 业 设 计 论 文题 目:焦炉煤气粗苯回收工艺设计 (煤气的处理量:40000 m3/h) 系 别: 化学与化学工程系专 业: 煤炭深加工与利用姓 名: 刘海洋学 号: 111307128指导教师: 池吉安河南城建学院2010 年 05 月 20 日摘 要用洗油吸收或活性炭吸附等物理方法从焦炉煤气中回收粗苯。其中洗油吸收粗苯法应用广泛。焦炉煤气中粗苯含量一般为2540g/m,粗苯是有机化学工业的重要原料,回收粗苯具有较高经济效益。 洗油吸收粗苯法是德国人卡罗(H.Caro)在1869 年发明的。第一次世界大战期间得到发展,已被各国普遍采用。洗油吸收粗苯工艺由洗油吸苯和富油脱苯工序组成。洗油
2、吸苯是用洗油洗涤煤气吸收苯族烃,吸收了苯族烃的洗油称为富油。富油脱苯是用蒸汽蒸馏出溶解在富油中的苯族烃,因装置不同可以得到轻苯一种产品或轻苯和重苯两种产品,也可以得到轻苯、精重苯和萘溶剂油三种产品。富油脱苯后的洗油称为贫油,贫油送吸苯工序循环使用。活性炭吸附粗笨法是德国人恩格尔哈特( Engel- hardt)在1916年开发的,1918年应用于城市煤气厂,20年代后在英国、法国、荷兰和日本等国的一些小型煤气厂相继采用。与洗油吸收法相比,活性炭吸附法设备投资少,动力消耗低,粗苯回收率高;但在运行过程中活性炭微孔容易被煤气中的焦油雾、萘、树脂化合物和元素硫等杂质堵塞,使吸附能力下降。活性炭价格昂
3、贵,50年代后工业上已很少采用。Abstract Wash oil with activated carbon adsorption or absorption of physical methods, such as coke oven gas from the crude benzene recovery. Wash oil which are widely used to absorb crude benzene Act. Crude benzene content in the coke oven gas is generally 25 40g / Bang, crude benzen
4、e is an important organic chemical industrial raw materials, crude benzene recovery with higher economic efficiency. Wash oil absorption of crude benzene is Carlo German (H. Caro) invented in 1869. Developed during the First World War, has been widely adopted countries. Crude benzol wash oil absorpt
5、ion process to wash the oil absorption by benzene and benzene-rich oil from the composition process. Wash oil absorption of benzene is washed with wash oil group hydrocarbon gas absorption of benzene, benzene absorbed hydrocarbon group known as the wash oil-rich oil. Benzene-rich oil from steam dist
6、illation is dissolved in the oil-rich family of benzene hydrocarbons, due to the different devices can be a product of light of benzene or benzene and re-light the two products of benzene, benzene can also be light, precise weight of benzene and naphthalene solvent oil three products. After the benz
7、ene-rich oil from the wash oil as depleted oil and send the poor absorption of benzene oil recycling process. Activated carbon adsorption is a clumsy German Engelhardt (Engel-hardt) in 1916 developed the city gas used in 1918, after the age of 20 in the United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands and Ja
8、pan and other countries have adopted a number of small-scale gas. And wash oil absorption compared to activated carbon adsorption equipment, low investment and low power consumption, high crude benzene recovery; but running easily microporous activated carbon gas in the fog of tar, naphthalene, resi
9、n compounds and elemental sulfur impurities, such as plug to decrease the adsorption capacity. The high cost of activated carbon, 50 post-industrial era have been rarely used.目 录摘 要 2Abstract.31. 总论61.1 概述61.2 文献综述62. 设计方案.13 2.1 用洗油吸收煤气中的苯族烃.13 2.2 富油脱苯.133. 生产流程说明.143.1 吸收苯族烃的工艺流程.143.2 富油脱苯工艺流程14
10、4. 设计任务和操作条件.164.1 设计任务.164.2 操作条件165. 物料计算.17 5.1 煤气中苯族烃的的体积分数计算17 5.2 粗苯回收率计算.17 5.3 焦炉煤气中粗苯含量17 5.4 循环洗油量计算.18 5.5 计算依据.19 5.6进入脱苯工序的富油量.20 5.7 富油组成.20 5.8计算脱水后各组分留在液相中的分率21 5.9富油进入脱苯塔闪蒸后与闪蒸前液相中各组分的比率计算.23 5.10在脱苯塔进口处各组分的蒸发量.256. 热量计算.26 6.1管式炉供给富油的热量.26 6.2 管式炉供给蒸气的热量.27 6.3 管式炉加热面积287. 主要设备工艺计算
11、.29 7.1 塔径计算.29 7.2 塔高计算.298. 辅助设备的选型和计算30 8.1洗油再生器30 8.2 塔设备壁厚设计.32 8.3 封头、人孔选用及设计349.稳定性及机械强度的计算.35 9.1 圆筒的应力计算.35 9.2 塔设备的质量载荷.359.3 塔的风载荷.3610.设计体会和收获3811.主要符号说明.3912.主要参考文献41致谢421 总论1.1 概述 苯族烃是宝贵的化工原料,焦炉气一般含苯族烃2540g/m3,因此。经过脱氨后的煤气需进行苯族烃的回收并制取粗苯。 从焦炉煤气中回收苯族烃采用的方法有洗油吸收法,活性炭吸收法和深冷凝结法。其中洗油吸收法工艺简单,经济可靠,因此得到广泛应用。 洗油吸收法依据操作压力分为加压吸收法,常压吸收法和负压吸收法。加压吸收法的操作压力为8001200kPa,此法可强化吸收过程,适于煤气远距离输送或作为合成氨厂的原料。常压吸收法的操作压力稍高于大气压,是各国普遍采用的方法。负压吸收法应用于全负压煤气净化系统。 吸收了煤气中苯族烃的洗油称为富油。富油的脱苯按操作压力分为常压水蒸气蒸馏法和减压蒸馏法。按富油加热方式又分为预热器加热富油的脱