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1、2022年考博英语-中南大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题When giving any general overview of the development and use of machine translation (MT) systems and translation tools, it is important to distinguish four basic types of translation demand.The first, and traditional type of demand is for translations of a quality
2、 normally expected from humans, i.e. translations of publishable quality. This illustrates the use of MT for dissemination. It has been satisfied, to some extent, by machine translation systems ever since they were first developed in the 1960s. However, MT system produce output which must invariably
3、 be revised or “post-edited” by human translators if it is to reach the quality required. Sometimes such revision may be substantial, so that in effect the MT system is producing a “draft” translation. As an alternative, the input text may be regularized (or “controlled” in vocabulary and sentence s
4、tructure) so that the MT system produces few errors which have to be corrected. Some MT systems have, however, been developed to deal with a very narrow range of text content and language style, and these may require little or no preparation or revision of texts.The second basic demand is for transl
5、ations at a somewhat lower level of quality, which are intended for users who want to find out the essential content of a particular document and generally, as quickly as possible. This demand the use of MT for assimilation has been met in the past as, in effect, a by-product of systems designed ori
6、ginally for the dissemination application. Since MT systems did not (and still cannot) produce high quality translations, some users have found that they can extract what they need to know from the unedited output. They would rather have some translation, however poor, than no translation at all. Wi
7、th the coming of cheaper PC-based systems on the market, this type of use has grown rapidly and substantially.The third type of demandMT for interchange comes from the need for immediate translation in order to convey the basic content of messages. MT systems are finding a “natural” role, since they
8、 can operate virtually or in fact in real-time and on-line and there has been little objection to the inevitable poor quality, and are useful in producing spoken language translations, e.g. for telephone conversations and business negotiations. The problems of integrating speech recognition and auto
9、matic translation are obviously hard to tackle, but progress is nevertheless being made. In the future still distant, perhaps we may expect on-line MT systems for the translation of speech in highly restricted domains.The fourth area of application is for translation within multilingual systems of i
10、nformation retrieval, information extraction, database access, etc. This field is the focus of a number of projects in Europe at the present time, which have the aim of widening access for all members of the European Union to sources of data and information whatever the source language.1.It can be i
11、nferred from the second paragraph that in rendering publishable translations of literary works, （ ）.2.MT systems will make few errors if（ ）.3.According to the third paragraph, users of MT for assimilation（ ）.4.It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that with the progressive sophistication of M
12、T systems,（ ）.问题1选项A.MT systems performance is satisfactory to a substantial degreeB.little could be done by MT systems developed so farC.MT systems can do much better than human translatorsD.considerable revision on MT produced texts is needed问题2选项A.the language of the original text is standardB.th
13、e language of the original text is simplifiedC.the language of the original text is controlledD.the original text deals with a specialized subject问题3选项A.are growing fast in numberB.complain a lot about its poor qualityC.can get little from the unedited outputD.would rather have no translation at all
14、问题4选项A.one can communicate on the phone with another who speaks a different languageB.interpreters will no longer be useful in international negotiations or conferencesC.it will be only natural that people will find little need to learn a foreign languageD.people will find no cause to complain about
15、 the quality of texts turned out by them【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:A第4题:A【解析】1.判断推理题。第二段说到MT系统的问题出现在“However, MT system produce output which must invariably be revised or “post-edited” by human translators if it is to reach the quality required. Sometimes such revision may be substantial, so that in effect t
16、he MT system is producing a “draft” translation. 然而，如果要达到要求的质量，MT system所产生翻译必须由人工译者进行修改或“后期编辑”。有时这样的修改可能是实质性的，因此MT系统实际上是在生成一个“草稿”翻译。”说明MT系统翻译出来的成品需要人工修改，D选项“需要对MT产生的文本进行大量修订”符合题意。2.事实细节题。由题干关键词few errors定位到文章第二段倒数第二句“As an alternative, the input text may be regularized (or controlled in vocabulary and sentence structure) so that the MT
