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1、被动语态（Passive Voice）【语态】(Voice)（主动语态和被动语态）1、语态的分类 ：（ 1）主动语态：动作的执行者作主语。（ 2）被动语态：动作的承受者作主语。2、被动语态的动词特征 ：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词( 简称：be + .),变否疑。3、被动语态的时态 ：（ 1）一般现在时的被动语态： is/am/are + .否定： isn t/am not/arent +.（ 2）一般过去时的被动语态： was/were + .否定： wasnt/weren t + .（ 3）一般将来时的被动语态： will+ be + .否定： wont be +.（ 4）情态动词的被动
2、语态：must/can/may+ be + .否定：mustnt/can t/may not + be +.(5)现在完成时的被动语态:have/has+been+.否定 : haven t/hasn t +been+ .（说明：以上5 种为必须要掌握的形式，以下3 种为了解的形式。 ）.,（ 6）现在进行时的被动语态：is/am/are + being + .否定：isn t/am not/arent + being + .（ 7）过去完成时的被动语态；had + been + .否定： hadnt + been + .（ 8）过去将来时的被动语态：would + be + .否定： wou
3、ldnt + be + .(1) The exercise must_(finish) today.(2) Football _(play) in the world.(3) My wallet_(steal) yesterday.(4) The bridge _(build)now.(5) The story_(read) by me for three weeks.4、被动语态的变化步骤：(1) 划分主语、谓语和宾语(2) 将主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语(3) 将主动语态的动词变成 be+. 形式 （要保持原来的时态形式）( 注意动词的时态形式和主语的单数 和复数 形式 )(4) 将主
4、动语态的主语变成“ by+宾格 ”结构（可以省略）.(1) People named the two pandas“Tuantuan” and“Yuanyuan”.(2) We will finish the work in two days.(3) We must protect forests.(4) I have kept the dog for two years. *(5)Did the dog eat the meat?*(6)Who has take the books away?Keys( 参考答案 ):(1) The two pandas were named“Tuantua
5、n” and“Yuanyuan” ( by people).(2) The work will be finished (by us) in two days.(3) Forests must be protected (by us).(4) The dog has been kept (by me) for two days.(5) Was the meat eaten by the dog?(6) Who(m) have the books been taken away by?5、不用被动语态动词：（ 1） have 有（2） look,sound,smell,taste等连系动词（ 3
6、） take place /happen（4） get to/arrive(at/in)/reach到达（ 5） rise 升起 , 上升（ 6） ring( 铃响 )（ 7） begin/start开始（ 8） lie 躺 The book sells well.(这本卖得好 ) The meat cooks well.（ 8） return ( 回来，回归不用被动， 归还 可用被动语态 )（9） leave ( 离开不用被动语态，留下 / 遗忘 可用被动语态.(1)The idea _(sound) great. Let s go together.(2)The story _(happe
7、n) in USA ten years ago.(3)The Olympics_(take place) in Beijing in 2008.(4)The kind of bicycle_(sell) well.Keys( 参考答案 ):(1)sounds(2)happened (3)took place(4)sells)6、常用被动语态：（1） be located in(2)be covered with(3)be called（ 4） be made of(in/from)(5)be made up of(6)be asked to do sth(7) be invited to do
8、 sth(8)be used for doing sth/to do sth. (1)The streets_(cover) withsnow because it_(snow)last night.heavily(2)We_(tell) to come to school yesterday.(3)Many friends _(invite) to my birthday part because it is mybirthday tomorrow.Keys( 参考答案 ):(1)was covered, snowed(2) were told(3) were invited7、动词不定式的
9、省 to 形式的被动语态：to ）（变被动时，要还原make sb do sth be made to do sth） see sb do sth/watch sb do sth/hear sb do sth/notice sb do sth.(1) Floods made people leave their home.(被动语态(2)Teachers made us_inthe classroom,homework.A. stay, do stay, dostay, to do , to doKeys( 参考答案 ):)so we were made _our(1)People were
10、made to leave their home (by floods).(2) D8、动词后面跟双宾语：(人在物前不用介词，物在人前要用介词to或for)只需将其中的一个宾语（要么人，要么物）变成被动语态的主语注意 :make/buy/draw常与 for连用 . make sth for sb/buy sth for sb.(1)Uncle Li gave us a big dinner yesterday.We _ _ a big dinner _ Uncle Li yesterday.A big dinner_ _ _us _Uncle Li yesterday.(2)Dad will
11、 buy me a present.I _ _ a present _ Dad.(1) were given, by ; was given to, by(2) will be bought, by ; will be bought for, by9、“动词 +副词”或“动词 +介词“结构在变成被动语态后，介词或副词不能漏掉.(1)We must look after our eyes.(2)How did you deal with the dog?Keys( 参考答案 ):(1) Our eyes must be looked after by us.(2) How was the dog
12、 dealt with by you?10、同步练习被动语态练习I. 选择最佳答案 :() 1. English _ in Britain.A. speaksB. are spokenC. is speaking() 2. This popular song _ by us after class.A. often sings B. often sangC. is often sangsung() 3. This kind of bike _ in Germany.A. makesB. madeC. is making() 4. New computers _ in our school.A. is usedB. are usingC. are used() 5. Our flat must _ clean.A. keepB. be keptC. to be kept() 6. A new hospital _ at the corner of the street.A. is buildingB. is being builtC. been builtbuilding() 7. The key _ on the sofa when I left.A. was leftB. will be leftC. is lefthas been left() 8. Doc
