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1、定语从句语法归纳及练习1、语法知识归纳-、基本概念（一）定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。（二）先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。但也有因各种 原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。（三）关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词。与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词有： who, whom, which, that和whose,另外，as也可充当关系代词。关系代词 在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。关系副词有：when, where和why。在定语从句中充当状语。:、关系代词的用法（一）基本用法根据先行词的
2、不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。 如下表：关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关 系 代 词who人主语，宾语Do you know the man who is talk ing with your mother?whom, which 和that在从 句中做宾语 时，常可以 省略，但介 词提前时后 面关系代词 不能省略， 也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am worki ngThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人，物定语I like those bo
3、oks whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate.that人，物主语，宾语A pla ne is a mach ine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主语，宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accide nt was terrible.as人，物主语，
4、宾语He is such a pers on as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.as做宾语一 般不省略学习好资料欢迎下载例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分） Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech n ext week?（作主语） I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published.（作主语） The pla n th
5、at/which they argued about was settled at last.（作宾语） This is the new secretary （who/whom/that） I would like to in troduce to you.（作宾语） The soldier whose legs were badly woun ded was operated on without delay.（作定语）注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。（见上例）（二）关系代词that代替which的一些情况which, that在代替物时，一般可以通用。但在有
6、些情况下，只用that。（1）先行词是最高级形容词或它的前面有最高级形容词修饰时。例女如: This is the best that has been used against pollution. En glish is the most difficult subject that you will lear n duri ng these years.先行词是序数词，或它前面有一个序数词时。例如： This is the last place （that） I want to visit. It is the first American movie of this kind that
7、 I ve ever seen. 先行词是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none 等代词时。例如： You should ha nd in all that you have. We haven t got meh that we can offer you. 先行词前面有 the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every 等修饰时。例口： The only thing that we can do is to give you so
8、me money. The little money （that） he had was stolen.（5）先行词既有人又有物时。例如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station.（6）主句已有疑问词 who或which时。例如： Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the woman that
9、was praised at the meeting?注意：（1）在非限制性定语从句中，只能用 which指代物，用who/whom指人（2）在由 介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用 which指物，whom指人。即： which +whom /which（3）某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的”介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when和where互换。例如：This is the house in which I lived two years ago.=This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember th
10、e day on which you joined our club ?=Do you remember the day when you joined our club ?（三）宜用who,而不用that的一些情况 先行词是 one, ones, anyone时。例如： One who has nothing to fear for on eself dares to tell the truth. Don t tell anyone about the news who oughtn t to know it.先行词是those时。例如： Those who were not fit fo
11、r their work could not see the beautiful clothesmade of the magic cloth.（四）与whose有关的问题whose是代词的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。例收口： I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. Please show me the book whose cover is red. 当whose表示物与物的所有格关系时，亦可用of which的形式。例如： The buildi ng whose roof you can see from here is a new restaura n
12、t.t The build ing, the roof of which you can see from here, is a new restaura nt. 或t The build ing, of which the roof you can see from he re is a new restaura nt.三、介词前提的问题关系代词在定语从句中充当介词宾语时，介词可以前提至关系代词前。例如：Have you seen the pen （which） I wrote the note with just now? （which 作介词 with 的宾语） t Have you s
13、een the pen with which I wrote the note just now?但是，要注意的是：介词前提后，先行词是人或物，关系代词分别只能用whom和which，而不再用that或who。介词前提后，关系代词不再能省略。 有些含有介词的短语动词中的介词不能前提，如：look for, look after, take care of等。例如：错误： Who is the old man to that you were talk ing to?正确： Who is the old man to whom you were talking ?或 Who is the old
14、 man （that/ whom） you were talking to?学习好资料欢迎下载错误： These are the sheep of which the boy took care.正确： These are the sheep (which/that) the boy took care of.四、关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句中的主谓一致关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上应与先行词一致。例如： Who is the guy that is readi ng over there?The nu mber of people that are going t
15、o the exhibiti on is expected to be over 25,000.All that n eeds to be done has bee n done.He is one of the students who usecomputer a lot for study.Timmy is the only one of the pupils that has failed the exam.四、关系代词as和which引导非限制性定语从句，有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是：1、As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，代表前面整个句子。(1) He married her, as/which was n atural.(2) He was hon est, as/which we can see.2、as引导非限制性定语从句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一个主句；which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有正如，正像”的意思
