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1、2022年考博英语-东华大学考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题_ conflict among city-states caused the eventual decline of Greek civilization.问题1选项A.ContinuousB.ContinualC.ConstantD.Contrary【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项continuous“连续不断的”，指整个事发的过程都没有中断；B项continual“持续不断的”，指一再的、频繁的、反复发生的；C项constant“不变的、恒定的”；D项contrary“相反的、对立的”；句意：城邦国家之间频繁
2、的冲突导致希腊文明最终衰落。因此该题B项正确。2. 单选题In _ times, human beings did not travel for pleasure, but to find a more favorable climate.问题1选项A.primitiveB.primeC.preliminaryD.primary【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“primitive”，意为“原始的；远古的”；B选项“prime”，意为“主要的；最好的；基本的”；C选项“preliminary”，意为“初步的；开始的；预备的”；D选项“primary”，意为“主要的；初级的；基本的”。句意
3、：在_原始_时代，人类长途跋涉不是为了消遣，而是为了寻找更适宜的气候。空格后提到人们长途跋涉是为了寻找适宜的气候，这说明是原始时代，人们不断迁徙，为了寻找适宜的气候来生存。因此A选项符合题意。3. 单选题The measures are little more than_ that will fade fast once investors take a hard look at them.问题1选项A.blind faithB.window dressingC.good impressionD.winning image【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“blind faith”，意为“
4、盲目的信念”；B选项“window dressing”，意为“装点门面”；C选项“good impression”，意为“好的印象”；D选项“winning image”意为“赢者的形象”，句意：这些措施不过是装点门面，一旦投资者仔细观察，它们很快就会消失。因此，B选项符合句意。4. 单选题Although Asian countries are generally more _ in social customs than Western countries, there have been several notable examples of women leaders in both
5、China and India.问题1选项A.conservativeB.confidentialC.comprehensiveD.consistent【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项conservative“守旧的、传统的、拘谨的”；B项confidential“机密的、秘密的”；C项comprehensive“广泛的”；D项consistent“一致的、调和的”；句意：与西方国家相比，尽管亚洲国家在社会习俗上普遍较为保守，但在印度和中国却出现过几位著名的妇女领导人。因此该题A项正确。5. 单选题When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of
6、the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being over fished has be
7、en known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) o
8、f fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of e
9、xploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Todays vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That me
10、ans a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have
11、been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sh
12、arks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline”. The notion is that people have failed to detect the m
13、assive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its or
14、iginal levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.1. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that _.2. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worms paper that _.3. By saying these figures are conservative (line 1, in paragraph 3), Dr. Worm mean
15、s that _.4. Dr. Myers and other researcher hold that _.5. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries _.问题1选项A.large animal were vulnerable to the changing environmentB.small species survived as large animals disappearedC.large sea animals may face the same threat todayD.slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones问题2选项A.the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%B.there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years agoC.the catch sizes in new fisheries are
