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1、INTRODUCTIONThis Forestry Practice Guide supports the UK Forestry Standard, the various guidelines and other advisory material produced by the Forestry Commission. Its purpose is to help owners and managers of plantations, forests and woods that are approaching the felling stage to take advantage of
2、 the opportunities this presents to make any necessary improvement to the diversity and appearance of the area in balance with other, more functional or economic objectives. It is a straightforward, step-by-step guide as to how to go about this task, referred to here as forest design planning, withi
3、n the wider framework of environmental and operational planning.本林业实践指南支持英国林业标准、其他指南以及由林业咨询委员会编写的各种材料。其目的是帮助人工林、森林和接近砍伐期的林木的经营者或经理，以改善林区的生物多样性和森林景观，并发挥森林的多功能和实现其经济目标。本指南就如何着手这项工作作出简单的一步一步的指导，而这种指导在这里可以理解为在大框架的环境下运作的森林设计规划。The forest itself is the environment. The forest is not only the trees, but al
4、so the understorey, the ground vegetation, the open spaces, soils, rocks and water, all of which are integral parts. Any action taken concerning the arboreal component of the forest the trees is not just of environmental consequence: it is in itself an environmental act. Silvicultural planning, prod
5、uction planning, road planning and recreation planning are all, therefore, aspects of planning the forest environment as much as landscape and nature conservation planning.森林本身就是环境。森林不仅仅包括树木，还包括林下层、地表植被、空旷地、土壤、岩石和水，所有的这些都是森林不可或缺的组成部分。采取的任何跟森林有关的行动，包括森林它本身就是一种环境行为。因此，所有的造林规划、生产规划、道路规划和游憩区规划与景观保护和自然保护
6、同等重要。The requirement for planning is quite simply to achieve an understanding of the consequences of an action before embarking on that action. It has been described as both the launching point for the future and the process of learning from the past. Embarking on any action, whether it be felling t
7、rees or creating a wildlife or failing to achieve ones objectives. This is true where there is a single management objective. It is even more true where there are multiple objectives. An action aimed at furthering only one of these will almost certainly affect the optimize if decisions are taken wit
8、hout proper information and planning. The UK Government has a firm policy for increasing the many diverse benefits that forests can provide. The aim is to create attractive and productive forests, which blend with the landscape, are rich in wildlife and are efficient to manage. How this is achieved
9、and what is appropriate in individual circumstances depends on local conditions and priorities. Proper long-term planning needs to take account of all the relevant issues and produce an integrated solution. Compiling a plan requires clear thinking and logical action. 规划的要求很简单，就是在采取任何行动之前对此行动的后果进行思考，
10、这可以理解为总结过去的经验和考虑未来的行为后果。采取任何行动时，无论是为了砍伐树木，或者创造一种野生动物，即使没有达到目标，都可以肯定定一个单一或者多重的管理目标的做法。如果采取缺乏正确的信息和规划的决定，那么至少有一个旨在推动日后发展的因素会影响到结果的最优化。英国政府为增加森林带来的多种利益，已出台坚定的政策，其目的是创造具有吸引力和富有成效的森林，拥有野生动植物丰富和高效管理的景观。至于如何实现和在个别情况下采取怎么样的行动才是恰当的，则取决于当地的条件和优先次序。合理的长远规划需要考虑到所有相关因素和提供一个综合的解决方案。因此，编制规划方案需要清晰的思维和理性的思考。The plan
11、ning process in forest management is all the more critical because the consequences of actions may be a long way in the future. It is important to remember that every action that we take today will affect the options open to future generations. It is equally important to remember that to take no act
12、ion, whether a conscious decision or through neglect or procrastination, will also affect the options open to future generations. The planning process must not, in itself, become a barrier to action. Finally the type of plan should be appropriate to the scale of the work envisaged and its purpose. 因
13、为行动的后果都可能会影响到将来，因此在森林经营中的规划过程显得更为之重要。强调的是，我们今天采取的任何行动都会影响到我们子孙后代得选择，同时，无论是有意识的决定还是有误忽视或拖延而不采取任何行动，也将影响到今后几代人的选择机会。而规划过程本身不能成为一个阻碍的行动。最后，规划类型应适合工作对象的规模及满足其规划目的。Application of this Guide to Northern Ireland 北爱尔兰的应用This guide has been written primarily for use in Great Britain. However, many of the pri
14、nciples may also be applied to forests elsewhere. Accordingly, where the context permits, the guide may also be a help to woodland owners and managers in meeting the requirements of the UK Forestry Standard in Northern Ireland.本指南主要针对英国林业编写，但是其中的很多原则也同样适用于其他地区的森林。相应地，如果指南在北爱尔兰适用，也可能帮助当地林场主和森林管理人员，使其
15、经营的森林达到英国林业标准。The Policy Background 政策背景The Government has adopted certain criteria and standards for the sustainable management of our forests and woodlands and these are set out in the UK Forestry Standard. Forest Design Planning is the process which ensures that plans for change in the structure
16、of existing woods, or the creation of new ones, will meet the requirements of the Standard. The process takes into account the physical, biological, human and cultural resources described in the Standard. The results should therefore conform both to the Standard and to internationally agreed Pan-European Criteria (PEC) for sustainable forest management with which it is compatible. 英国政府已经通过了若干个准则和标准，以保护森林、有林地和受英国林业标准保护的对象。确保林业规划设计的整个过程都符合标准的要求，包括计划中改变现有的或
