《2022年考博英语-北京师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷39》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-北京师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷39（45页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2022年考博英语-北京师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 案例题At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks theyre bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is that immigration, both legal and illegal,
2、provides a small net boost to the economy. Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. So why is there such a discrepancy between the perception of immigrants impact on the economy and t
3、he reality?There are a number of familiar theories. Some argue that people are anxious and feel threatened by an inflow of new workers. Others highlight the strain that undocumented immigrants place on public services, like schools, hospitals, and jails. Still others emphasize the role of race, argu
4、ing that foreigners add to the nations fears and insecurities. Theres some truth to all these explanations, but they arent quite sufficient.To get a better understanding of whats going on, consider the way immigrations impact is felt. Though its overall effect may be positive, its costs and benefits
5、 are distributed unevenly. David Card, an economist at UC Berkeley, notes that the ones who profit most directly from immigrants low-cost labor are businesses and employers - meatpacking plants in Nebraska, for instance, or agricultural businesses in California. Granted, these producers savings prob
6、ably translate into lower prices at the grocery store, but how many consumers make that mental connection at the checkout counter? As for the drawbacks of illegal immigration, these, too, are concentrated. Native low-skilled workers suffer most from the competition of foreign labor. According to a s
7、tudy by George Borjas, a Harvard economist, immigration reduced the wages of American high-school dropouts by 9% between 1980-2000. Among high-skilled, better-educated employees, however, opposition was strongest in states with both high numbers of immigrants and relatively generous social services.
8、 What worried them most, in other words, was the fiscal ( 财政的) burden of immigration. That conclusion was reinforced by another finding: that their opposition appeared to soften when that fiscal burden decreased, as occurred with welfare reform in the 1990s, which curbed immigrants access to certain
9、 benefits.The irony is that for all the overexcited debate, the net effect of immigration is minimal. Even for those most acutely affected - say, low-skilled workers, or California residents - the impact isnt all that dramatic. The unpleasant voices have tended to dominate our perceptions, says Dani
10、el Tichenor, a political science professor at the University of Oregon. But when all those factors are put together and the economists calculate the numbers, it ends up being a net positive, but a small one. Too bad most people dont realize it.1. What can we learn from the first paragraph?A. Whether
11、 immigrants are good or bad for the economy has been puzzling economists.B. The American economy used to thrive on immigration but now its a different story.C. The consensus among economists is that immigration should not be encouraged.D. The general public thinks differently from most economists on
12、 the impact of immigration.2. In what way does the author think ordinary Americans benefit from immigration?A. They can access all kinds of public services.B. They can get consumer goods at lower prices.C. They can mix with people of different cultures.D. They can avoid doing much of the manual labo
13、r.3. Why do native low-skilled workers suffer most from illegal immigration?A. They have greater difficulty getting welfare support.B. They are more likely to encounter interracial conflicts.C. They have a harder time getting a job with decent pay.D. They are no match for illegal immigrants in labor
14、 skills.4. What is the chief concern of native high-skilled, better-educated employees about the inflow of immigrants?A. It may change the existing social structure.B. It may pose a threat to their economic status.C. It may lead to social instability in the country.D. It may place a great strain on
15、the state budget.5. What is the irony about the debate over immigration?A. Even economists cant reach a consensus about its impact.B. Those who are opposed to it turn out to benefit most from it.C. People are making too big a fuss about something of small impact.D. There is no essential difference b
16、etween seemingly opposite opinions.【答案】1.D2.B3.C4.D5.C【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可以看出，美国民众和经济学家们对移民影响的看法不同。选项D正确。选项A，科学家们已经给出了自己的看法，不存在困扰一说；选项B美国经济过去因移民而得以繁荣，在第一段并没有提及；选项C经济学家们认为应该鼓励移民，在第一段中也没有信息提及。2.根据第一段的倒数第二句“Immigrants provide cheap labor, lower the prices of everything from farm produce to new homes, and leave consumers with a little more money in their pockets. ”可知，选项B符合原文。3.根据第三段
