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1、考研考博-考博英语-西北工业大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题The vast majority of people in any given culture will（ ）to the established standards of that culture.问题1选项A.confineB.conformC.confrontD.confirm【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。confine “限制；禁闭”；conform “符合；遵守；适应环境（后面一般跟介词to）”；confront “面对；遭遇；比较（为及物动词）”；confirm “确认；证实；批准（及物动词）。句意：特定文化下的绝
2、大部分人会遵守那种文化已建立的标准。选项B符合题意。2. 单选题130 years later, this single wall still stands here in mute（ ）to the Revolution of Paris Commune in 1873.问题1选项A.testimonyB.memoryC.tributeD.evidence【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。testimony “证词；证据”; memory“记忆；内存”；tribute “致敬；悼念”；evidence “证据；证明”。句意：130年后，这面墙仍然站在那里默默见证1873年的巴黎公社革命。选
3、项A符合题意。3. 单选题Revolutions are often caused when the legitimacy of a government is questioned by the people.问题1选项A.validityB.effectivenessC.bureaucracyD.prejudice【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当政府的受到人民的质疑时，革命事件就会爆发。validity“（法律上的）有效，合法性”；effectiveness“有效”；bureaucracy “官僚主义；prejudice “偏见”。根据“of a government”可以推测
4、出划线单词的意思是“合法性”，选项A符合题意。4. 单选题It must guide public opinion, after presenting（ ）both sides of every issue and pointing out to readers what measures seem to promise the greater good for the greater number.问题1选项A.inquisitivelyB.inconceivablyC.appallinglyD.impartially【答案】D【解析】考查副词辨析题。inquisitively “好问地，过
5、分好奇地”；inconceivably “不可思议地”； appallingly“使人惊骇地”；impartially“公正地”。句意：公平地展现每个问题的两面并向读者指出什么样的方式能够保证绝大部分人的利益，这样就肯定能引导公众舆论。选项D符合题意。5. 单选题Disease is a fluid concept influenced by societal and cultural attitudes that change diachronically in response to new scientific and medical discoveries. Historically,
6、 doctors defined a disease according to a cluster of symptoms, and as their clinical descriptions became more sophisticated they started to classify diseases into separate groups, so that from this medical taxonomy came new insights into disease etiology. Before the 20th century, schizophrenia and s
7、yphilitic insanity were treated as the same disease, but by early 1900 it became evident that psychoses without associated dementia represented a separate disease for which the term schizophrenia was then coined. The definition of schizophrenia continues to evolve from the psychiatric disease of the
8、 1960s to an illness with a suspected genetic etiology, though the existence of such an etiology remains uncertain. While an optimistic hunt is still on for the genes involved, we must continue to define schizophrenia in terms of the presence or absence of “positive” and “negative” symptoms.Labeling
9、 someone as diseased, however, has enormous individual, social, financial, and physic implications, for irrespective of disease symptoms, the label itself may lead to significant distress. Individuals with asymptomatic conditions, including genetic variations, may be perceived by themselves or other
10、s as having a disease. It is not that labeling someone as diseased is always positiveit does have severe ramifications, affecting decisions to have children or resulting in unjust treatment by life, medical, and disability insurersbut it can be beneficial, legitimizing symptoms, clarifying issues of
11、 personal responsibility, and improving accessibility to health care. Nevertheless, deviations from normal that are not associated with risk should not be considered synonymous with disease. Two schoolsnominalist and essentialist or reductionist-have debated the clinical criteria used to label a pat
12、ient as diseased. Nominalists label symptoms with a disease name, such as schizophrenia, and do not offer an explanation of the underlying etiology, while essentialists contend that for every disease there is an underlying pathological etiology, and now argue that the essential lesion defining the d
13、isease state is a genetic abnormality.It has been suggested that diseases defined according to the essentialist tradition may be precisely wrong, whereas those defined in the nominalist traditional may be roughly accurate. But in labeling a disease state, we must consider both the phenotype (symptom
14、s) or the genotype (genetic abnormality), for adverse consequences, while the latter helps suggest specific genetic or pharmacologic therapies. Thus, both clinical criteria and genetic abnormalities should be used to define a disease state, and the choice of a disease definition will vary according
15、to what one wishes to achieve, the genetic counseling of family members or the effective treatment of the patient.1.The author of the passage is primarily concerned with（ ）.2.It can be inferred that the author considers the way schizophrenia has been classified by doctors after 1960s to be an example of which of the following?3.According to the passage, an adherent of the “nominalist school would classify a rare new fever in which of the following ways?4.Which of the following best describes the function of the last paragraph in relation to the passage as a whole?5.It can be inferred th
