《2022年考博英语-江西师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷23（含答案解析）》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《2022年考博英语-江西师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷23（含答案解析）（66页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2022年考博英语-江西师范大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题Researchers disagree on whether the “use it or lose it” philosophy holds for cognitive (认知的) aging, but there is some evidence that keeping mentally active can slow age-related declines.At Pennsylvania State University, Sherry Willis and her husband, K. Warner
2、Schaie, have studied 5,000 people, some since 1956. People lucky enough to avoid chronic diseases may also fare (过活) better in intellectual function, they find, perhaps because chronic diseases can restrict lifestyle and reduce mental fare better, perhaps because money can buy intellectually stimula
3、ting things like travel.Education helps, too, researchers say, perhaps because it instille (灌输) the conviction that you can always learn something new. The Schaie Willis team also has some other observations. Being in a stable marriage with a stimulating spouse, they say, helps maintain intellectual
4、 vigor.Flexibility counts, too. People who stay mentally vibrant are often those who do not insist that “they must do things today as they did before,” Schaie says. In neuropsychological (神经心理学的) terms, the ability to see problems in new ways often yields higher scores on tests of mental function. A
5、nd people satisfied with life also stay more mentally fit, he says.If you find your mental skills sagging, consider working on specific deficits. When Willis gave 5-hour tutorials (辅导课) on inductive reasoning or spatial (空间的) skills to about 200 people whose skills had declined in the previous 14 ye
6、ars, 40 percent regained lost abilities. That advantage held up seven years later when they were re-tested.Other ways to stay sharp, Schaie says, are doing jigsaw puzzles to hone (磨练) visual-spatial skills, working crossword puzzles for verbal skills, playing bridge for memory and simply matching wi
7、ts at home with players on TV game shows.Finally, remember this. Even though you may lose some mental skills with normal aging, you also gain in one key area: wisdom. The growth of wisdom loosely defined as the maturation of intellectual abilities that comes with life experiences continues throughou
8、t the 40s, 50s and even 60s.16. In this passage, the author mainly discusses .17. The word “it” in the saying “use it or lose it” (Paragraph 1) refers to .18. According to researchers, which of the following factors affects cognitive aging?19. From this passage we may safely infer that might help pr
9、event mental declines.20. According to the author, all of the following can truly be said about wisdom EXCEPT that .问题1选项A.the role of mental stimulation in preventing mental agingB.gradual loss of mental skills with normal agingC.the relationship between mental function and spatial skillsD.effectiv
10、e ways to keep intellectual vigor问题2选项A.brain powerB.cognitive developmentC.mental stimulationD.intellectual function问题3选项A.EducationB.Chronic illnessC.Standards of livingD.All of the above问题4选项A.physical exercisesB.social interconnectionsC.rigid daily routinesD.a healthy diet问题5选项A.wisdom may be th
11、ought of as a special form of abilities and knowledge completely developed with life experienceB.wisdom may still grow even when the process of mental aging has startedC.wisdom is superior in importance to mental skills such as inductive reasoning and spatial skillsD.wisdom makes up an important par
12、t of brain power【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:D第4题:A第5题:C【解析】16.【试题答案】D【试题解析】主旨大意题。第一步，定位首尾核心句，第一段第一句话Researchers disagree on whether the “use it or lose it” philosophy holds for cognitive aging, but there is some evidence that keeping mentally active can slow age-related declines.“研究人员对于使用否则失去的理念是否适用于认知衰老存在分歧，
13、但有一些证据表明，保持思维活跃可以减缓与年龄相关的衰退”。第二步，行文结构，文章是总分结构，先提出保持思维活跃能够减缓智力的衰退，接下来是讲研究人员寻找到的保持智力活跃的方法，最后讲到年龄带来的不只是衰老还有智慧，所以答案选D选项“保持智力活力的有效方法”。A选项“心理刺激在预防心理衰老中的作用”，心理刺激只是在第二段稍微提了一下，不是文章主要内容，这里属于以偏概全。B选项“随着年龄的增长，心智能力逐渐丧失”，这是最后一段的内容，不是文章主要内容，这里属于以偏概全。C选项“心理功能和空间技能之间的关系”，这只是文章第五段的内容，不是文章主要内容，这里属于以偏概全。17.【试题答案】A【试题解析
14、】词汇推断题。第一步句中信息，定位到文章第一段第一句话Researchers disagree on whether the “use it or lose it” philosophy holds for cognitive aging, but there is some evidence that keeping mentally active can slow age-related declines.“研究人员对于使用否则失去的理念是否适用于认知衰老持反对态度，但有一些证据表明，保持思维活跃可以减缓与年龄相关的衰退”。第二步，上下文语义衔接，根据关键词but可知两个句子之间是存在着一
15、个转折关系，前句说随着年龄的增长某些事不用就会被丢到，这种观点研究人员持反对态度，后句是说保持思维活跃可以减缓衰退。从这里可知it指代之物是与mentally相应的，所以答案选A选项“智力”。B选项“认知发展”，我们能够使用或者失去的不可能是某种事物的发展，所以答案不能选B，这里属于曲意理解。C选项“精神刺激”，理由同B选项。D选项“智力功能”，文章句子定位到第一段但是D选项是出现在第二段，这里属于出处错误。18.【试题答案】D【试题解析】事实细节题。第一步精准定位，定位到第二段第二句People lucky enough to avoid chronic diseases may also
16、fare better in intellectual function, they find, perhaps because chronic diseases can restrict lifestyle and reduce mental fare better, perhaps because money can buy intellectually stimulating things like travel.“他们发现，那些幸运地避免了慢性疾病的人在智力方面也可能表现得更好，这可能是因为慢性疾病会限制生活方式，使精神状况更差，也可能是因为金钱可以买到刺激智力的东西，比如旅行”，第三段第一句Ed
