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1、专题四：名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语（包括动词宾语和介词宾语）、表语、同位语，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连词：that（无任何词意）；whether, if（均表示“是否”，表明从句内容的不确定性）；as if ,as though（均表示“好像”，“似乎”），以上连接词在从句中均不充当任何成分。连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoev
2、er, whom, whomever ,which , whichever, whose连接副词：when, where, why, how, how many, how much, how often不可省略的连词：1. 介词后的连词2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won.比较：whether与if 均为是否的意思。 但在下列情况下，只可用whether：1. whether引导主语从句并在句首2. 引导表语从句 3. whet
3、her从句作介词宾语4. 从句后有or not Whether he will come is not clear.大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用 it充当形式主语。It is not important who will go. It is still unknown which team will win the match.一. 主语从句1作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever等以及连接副词how，when，where，why等引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用
4、；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的含义，又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。例如：What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。高考资源网Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。How he became a writer is known to us. =It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。2有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置
5、于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is 名词从句 It is a pity that遗憾的是 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识 (2) it is 形容词从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是 (3) it 不及物动词从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧 (4) it is过去分词从句 It is said/ report
6、ed that 据说/据报道 It has been proved that 已证实 例句：It is a pity that we wont be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.It is said that he has gone to shanghai.It seems that he has seen the film.3. 在主语从句中，用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(shou
7、ld) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that例句：It is strange that he (should) do that.It is important that we all (should) attend the meeting.It is suggested that the work (should) be done with great care.区别：1. It
8、作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例句： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It was yesterday that I met him. It is he who helps me a lot.2. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 What 引导主语从句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语，宾语或表语，而that 则
9、不充当成分。例如： What you said yesterday is right. That he killed his wife shocked everyone in the village.小结: (1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等(2)连词位于句首不能省略(3)主语从句大多数情况下视为三单,但也有例外,如What we need is time.What we need are good doctors.(4)以that 引出的主语从句, 常以形式主语it引导.(5) 在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气 (should+do/ sh
10、ould+have done)练一练：1_ the sports meeting will be held depends on the weather.A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 2. 20. In some countries, _ is called equality（平等） does not really mean equal rights for all people. A. which B. thatC. whatD. one3。_ beat Xiao Wang black and blue is not known. A. Whom
11、B. Whoever C. Who D. What4。_ the boy didnt take the medicine made his mother very angry. A. That B. What C. How D. Which5。目前,我们所需要的是更多的时间。6他为什么拒绝与我们一起工作还不清楚。(clear)7明天那位著名的演员很可能来这里。(likely)8很遗憾，我们错过了最晚那班车，所以今晚只能留下来了。(pity)二宾语从句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句（做及物动词或介词的宾语）。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样。1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从
12、句由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,从第二个分句开始that不可省略。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。We must never think (that) we are good in everything and that others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, des
13、ire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+ 动词原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问
14、句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序（即主语+谓语）。例句：I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。例句：I want to know whether he will come tomorrow. 注意
15、：whether与if 表示“是否”意思时，只能用whether，不用if的几种情况：a. 引导主语从句并在句首时；b. 引导表语从句时；c . 引导从句作介词宾语时；d. 从句后有“or not”时；e. 后接动词不定式时。例如：Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. The question is whether she should have a low opinion of the test? Everything depends on whether we have enough money.I wonder w
