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1、托福阅读总结题做法探究各位考生一致认为托福阅读中最后一题最难做，在这里，扬州美伦国际英语雅思托福培训机构帮助大家探究一下该题型（summary题型）的做法。一、题目设置最后一题的要求如下：Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. So
2、me sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.二、考察内容短时间内找出6个选项中总结文章大意的3个正确答案选项。三、考察重点快速总结文章大意，识别文章细节和原文中没有明确指出的选项。四、做题方法1. 总结段落大意2. 检查6个选项，排除细节和原文中没有明确指出的选项。短时间内快速从六个选项中判断出
3、总结原文的选项，并排除细节和原文中没有提到的选项是重中之重。我们以下面这道题为例，具体进行讲解。本题来自TPO 5 MINERALS AND PLANTS:Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do
4、not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Plants need to absorb certain minerals from the soil in adequate quantities for normal growth and development.Answer ChoicesA. Some plants are
5、 able to accumulate extremely high levels of certain minerals and thus can be used to clean up soils contaminated with toxic levels of these minerals.B. Though beneficial in lower levels, high levels of salts, other minerals, and heavy metals can be harmful to plants.C. When plants do not absorb suf
6、ficient amounts of essential minerals, characteristic abnormalities result.D. Because high concentrations of sodium chloride and other salts limit growth in most plants, much research has been done in an effort to develop salt-tolerant agricultural crops.E. Some plants can tolerate comparatively low
7、 levels of certain minerals, but such plants are of little use for recycling nutrients back into depleted soils.F. Mineral deficiencies in many plants can be cured by misting their roots with a nutrient solution or by transferring the plants to a soilless nutrient solution.首先，总结段落大意。大部分托福阅读文章的段落大意都是
8、每段话首尾句结合在一起即可。如果首尾句结合在一起之后，依然无法判断，可以扫读一下段落中间部分内容（不要看for example, for instance, such as, like, 破折号，冒号之后的内容以及括号里边的内容，因为都不是中心思想）。大家可以看下面一段话：Paragraph 1: Research has shown that certain minerals are required by plants for normal growth and development. The soil is the source of these minerals, which are
9、 absorbed by the plant with the water from the soil. Even nitrogen, which is a gas in its elemental state, in normally absorbed from the soil as nitrate ions. Some soils are notoriously deficient in micro nutrients and are therefore unable to support most plant life. So-called serpentine soils, for
10、example, are deficient in calcium, and only plants able to tolerate low levels of this mineral can survive. In modern agriculture, mineral depletion of soils is a major concern, since harvesting crops interrupts the recycling of nutrients back to the soil.通过上面的方法，我们可以判断出来，本段话主旨应该是第一句和最后一句，即：“Researc
11、h has shown that certain minerals are required by plants for normal growth and development.”和“In modern agriculture, mineral depletion of soils is a major concern, since harvesting crops interrupts the recycling of nutrients back to the soil.”通过阅读这两句话，我们发现，本段话的主旨应该是：植物需要某些矿物质进行正常的生长和发展。再阅读本段话中间部分内容，
12、发现是在讲土壤和矿物质之间的关系，印证了段落大意的总结是没有问题的。Paragraph 2: Mineral deficiencies can often be detected by specific symptoms such as chlorosis (loss of chlorophyll resulting in yellow or white leaf issue), necrosis (isolated dead patches), anthocyanin formation (development of deep red pigmentation of leaves or s
13、tem), stunted growth, and development of woody tissue in an herbaceous plant. Soils are most commonly deficient in nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen-deficient plants exhibit many of the symptoms just described. Leaves develop chlorosis; stems are short and slender, and anthocyanin discoloration occu
14、rs on stems, petioles, and lower leaf surfaces. Phosphorus-deficient plants are often stunted, with leaves turning a characteristic dark green, often with the accumulation of anthocyanin. Typically, older leaves are affected first as the phosphorus is mobilized to young growing tissue. Iron deficien
15、cy is characterized by chlorosis between veins in young leaves.用同样的方法判断出，本段话的主旨（首尾句）：植物缺乏某些矿物质，会产生一些症状。Paragraph 3: Much of the research on nutrient deficiencies is based on growing plants hydroponically, that is, in soilless liquid nutrient solutions. This technique allows researchers to create sol
16、utions that selectively omit certain nutrients and then observe the resulting effects on the plants. Hydroponics has applications beyond basic research, since it facilitates the growing of greenhouse vegetables during winter. Acroponics, a technique in which plants are suspended and the roots misted with a nutrient solution, is another method for growing plants without soil.本段主旨（首尾句）：我们可以用水培法来检测矿物质缺乏
