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1、成人英语三级考试重点语法串讲-动词的时态第一节 动词的时态考试重点:一般现在时(if 从句和as soon as 从句);进行时表将来;现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别;完成时瞬间动词以及have (has)been, have(has)gone的区别;过去完成时的时间状语;将来完成时。一、一般现在式:1、表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态:常和always, usually, often ,sometimes, every day, every week的等时间状语连用。例:He goes to work every day. 他每天去上班。2、表示普遍的真理。由于是众所周知的客观事实,所以一般
2、不用时间状语。例:The earth is round. 地球是圆的。3、有些表示心理状态或感情的动词往往用一般现在时。例:I dont think you are right.我以为你错了。4、在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作:常用的连词有as soon as,when,till,if。(1)They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they _their exams.A. have finishedB. finishC. finishedD. was finishing(答案:B)(1996年22题)(2)When the mix
3、ture _, it will give off a powerful force.A. will heatB. will be heatedC. is heatedD. has heated(答案:C)(1992年59题)二、一般过去时:1、表示过去的动作或状态:常和过去时间状语连用。just now, last year, when I was 8years old等。例:Youve already missed too many classes this term .You _ two classes just last week.A. missedB. would missC. had
4、 missedD. have missed(答案:A。有具体的时间状语要用过去时。)(1995年59题)2、used to do sth:过去常常做例:I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。(意味着现在不在早晨散步了。)3、it is high time(that)句型中,谓语动词用过去时。例:Dont you think it is time you _ smoking?A. give upB. gave upC. would give upD. should give up(答案:B)(1999年31题)三、一般将来时1、will(s
5、hall)+原形动词:表示将来的动作或状态。例:He will come and help you. 他会来帮助你的。2、be going to +动词原形:表示马上就要发生的事情或打算好要做的事。例:Are you going to attend the lecture? 你打算去听这个演讲吗?3、be to +动词原形: 表示安排或计划好了的动作。例:The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day.三环路将在国庆节前通车。4、be about to +动词原形:表示即将发生的动作。5、例:The lectur
6、e is about to begin.讲座即将开始。6、某些表示开始、终结、往来行动的动词如:go ,come, start, arrive, leave 等的现在进行时可表示将来。(1)We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我们明天动身去北京。(2)The foreign guests are arriving in Jinan tonight. 外宾今晚到达济南。四、过去将来时 表示在过去预计将要发生的动作,常用于宾语从句。 例:He wanted to know when the conference would start. 他想知道会议何时开始。
7、 五、现在进行时1、表示此时此刻(说话时)正在进行的动作。例:The teacher is talking with his students. 这位老师正在同他的学生交谈。2、表示现阶段正在进行的动作,但此刻并不一定在进行。例:I am attending a conference in Beijing. 我正在北京参加一个会议。六、过去进行时1、表示在过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。常需用表示过去的时间状语或通过上下文来判断时间。例:He was doing his homework from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点他正在做作业。2、when 和
8、while 的用法(1)I fell and hurt myself while I _tennis.A. was playing B. am playing C. play D. played(答案:A。连接词when 表示时间上的点,其所引导的句子用过去时,while 表示持续的一段时间,其所引导的句子用过去进行时。)(1998年43题)(2)When you _ this over with her, you should not see her any more.A. talk B. talked C. will talk D. talking(答案为B)(1999年35题)(3)On
9、e of the guards _ when the general came in, which made him very angry.A. has slept B. were sleeping C, slept D. was sleeping(答案为D)(1996年23题)3、过去进行时表示过去将来的动作。现在进行时可以表示将来的动作,同样,过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时间看将来要发生的动作。例:He went to see Xiao Li. He was leaving early the next morning.他去看小李。他第二天一早就要离开此地了。七、现在完成时1、表示动作刚刚
10、结束(常和just, now, already, yet等词连用);或表示动作的结果(一般不用时间状语)。(1)Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明刚刚把灯关上。(说明现在灯已经关上了)(2)I have lost my pen. 我把笔丢了。(说明过去某时丢的,现在我还没有找到这支笔。)2、表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在,并且可能会继续延续下去(常用since引导的短语或从句,或由for 引导的短语连用)。(1)He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在这儿已经三十年了。(现在还住在这儿)(2)Theyve kn
11、own each other since childhood. 他们从小彼此相识。(现在还继续来往)3、非延续性动词的完成时和it is +时间+since.(过去时)英语中有些动词不能延续, 因此不能和表示延续的时间状语连用。(1)He has _ the army for ten years and is now an officer.A. gone intoB. joined inC. been inD. come into(答案:C。用现在完成时表示“继续”的概念时,只能用含有持续意义的动词,不可用瞬间性动词。)(1995年49题)(2)It is 3 years since I le
12、ft Shanghai .我离开上海已经三年了。(如果是非延续动词,这时常用 it is +时间+since 的句型代替,从句用过去时态。)4、have(has)been to 和have (has)gone to 的区别have(has )been to:去过某地(表示某人的一种经历),可以和once,twice,often,never,ever 连用。have(has)gone to:去某地了(表示某人已经离开此地,在去某地的路途上或已在某地,所以一般来说此句型只用于第三人称),此句型不能与上述时间状语连用。(1)He has gone to America.(意思为他已经去了美国,现在不
13、在此地)(2)He has been to America twice. 他去过美国两次。八、过去完成时 1、表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作(即过去的过去)。这个过去的某一时间可用by, before等介词或连词引导的短语或一个从句来表示。 例:About the sixth century A.D. when few Europeans could read, the Chinese _ paper. A. invented B. had invented C. have invented D. had been invented (答案:B)(1997年35题) 2、表示从
14、过去某一时间开始,一直持续到另一个过去的时间的动作。 例:The chemistry class _ for five minutes when we hurried there. A. had been on B. was on C. has been on D. would be on (答案:A)(1995年24题) 3、在含有before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的状语从句的复合句中,由于连词本身可以明确表示动作发生的先后顺序,因此,主句和从句都可以用一般过去时表示,而不用过去完成时。 例:I called him as soon as I arrived.我刚
15、一到就给他打电话。 4、过去完成时常用在no sooner than, hardly/scarcely/barelywhen,一就。句型之中,句子到装。 (1)No sooner had we sat down _ we found it was time to go. A. than B. when C. as D. while (答案为A)(1997年50题) (2)Scarcely had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out. 他刚打开门,蜡烛就被一阵风吹灭了。 九、将来完成时:表示在将来某一时间以前完成的动作。 1、By the time John gets home, his aunt _. A. will have B. leaves C. will have left D. is leaving (答案:C)(1995年25题) 2、I _ writing the article by the time y