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1、2022年考博英语-东北财经大学考试题库及模拟押密卷（含答案解析）1. 单选题That kind of bird has become more _ around here lately; we should protect them from being shot.问题1选项A.variousB.numerableC.multipleD.numerous【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. various 各种各样的 B. numerable 可数的C. multiple 数量多的 D. numerous 许多的【答案】D【考查点】形容词辨析【解题思路】空格所在部分语义为“这种鸟最近在这里变得
2、更加_（more _）了”，空格处所填词在该句中做表语；根据后文“我们应该保护它们不受枪击”推测，这种鸟在这里可能会被猎杀，一般鸟多的地方会出现偷猎行为，因此数量变多了符合原句语义衔接，D选项numerous“许多的”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项various“各种各样的”不符合原句语义衔接；B选项numerable“可数的”，是numerous的形近词，但不符合原句语义衔接；C选项multiple“数量多的”，只能用于名词前，做定语，但原句中空格后没有名词；【句意】最近这种鸟在这里越来越多了；我们应该保护它们不受枪击。2. 单选题By 1900, many municipalities h
3、ad begun to restrict the use of automobiles in order to ensure pedestrian safety.问题1选项A.amplifyB.standardizeC.limitD.prohibit【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. amplify 扩大 B. standardize 使标准化C. limit 限制 D. prohibit 禁止【答案】C【考查点】动词辨析【解题思路】划线词部分语义为“_汽车的使用，以确保行人的安全”，原词restrict“限制”，C选项limit“限制”最符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项amplify“扩大”，
4、不符合原句语义；B选项standardize“使标准化”，不符合原句语义；D选项prohibit“禁止”，指完全不让使用，不符合原句语义。【句意】到1900年，许多城市开始限制汽车的使用，以确保行人的安全。3. 单选题Reforming the Social Security retirement program is an issue of enormous practical importance. Yet it remains the missing piece in American policy analysis. At a time when the Congress and th
5、e Administration are considering ways to reform welfare, Medical, Medicaid and the income tax, elected officials are still unwilling to confront the serious problem of our Social Security system. Eventually, however, its deteriorating financial condition will force major reforms. Whether those refor
6、ms are good or bad, whether they deal with basic economic problems of the system or merely protect the solvency of existing institutional arrangements will depend in part on whether we, as economists, provide the appropriate intellectual framework for analyzing reform alternatives.Major policy chang
7、es that affect the public at large can only happen in our democracy when there is widespread public support for the new direction policy. In the field of economics, the views of media, of other private-sector opinion leaders, and of politicians and their advisers, depend very much on their perceptio
8、n of what economists believe feasible and correct. Fundamental policy reforms in a complex area like social security also require the development of technical expertise, both in and out of government, about the opinions for change and their likely consequences. Fortunately, an expanding group of eco
9、nomists is now thinking and writing about social security reform. My remarks today greatly benefit from what they have written and from my conversations with many of them.I began to do my research on the effects of Social Security reform nearly 25 years ago (Feldstein, 1974, 1975). A central concept
10、 in my analysis of Social Security has been the notion of “Social Security wealth”, which I defined as the present actuarial value of the Social Security benefits to which the current adult population will be entitled at age of 65 (or are already entitled to if they are older than 65) minus the pres
11、ent actuarial value of the Social Security taxes that they will pay before reaching that age. Social Security wealth has now grown to about $11 trillion or more than 1.5 times GDP. Since this is equivalent to more than $50000 for every adult in the country, the value of Social Security wealth substa
12、ntially exceeds all other assets for the vast majority of American households. In the aggregate, Social Security wealth exceeds three-fourths of all private financial wealth, as conventionally measured.Social Security wealth is of course not real wealth but only a claim on current and future taxpaye
13、rs. Instead of labeling this key magnitude “Social Security wealth”, I could have called it the nations “Social Security liability”. Like ordinary government debt, Social Security wealth has the power to crowd out private capital accumulation; and Social Security wealth will continue to grow as long
14、 as our current system remains unchanged, displacing an ever larger stock of capital.The $11 trillion Social Security liability is three times as large as the official national debt. Although I certainly welcome the current political efforts to shrink future budget deficit, it is worth noting that,
15、even if the traditional deficit is eliminated in the year 2002, so that the national debt is then no longer increasing, the national debt in the form of the Social Security liability is likely to increase that year by about $300 billion.Looking further into the future, the aggregate Social Security
16、liability will grow as the population expands, as it becomes relatively older, and as income rises. Government actuaries predict that under existing law the tax rate required to pay each years Social Security benefit will rise over the next 50 years from the present level of slightly less than 12 percent to more than 18 percent, and per
