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1、高考英语专题复习-代词代词pronoun简称pron是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种 一、人称代词的基本用法(一)人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语。如: John waited a while but eventually he went home. John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.。 说明：在复合句中，如果主句和从句主语相同，代词主语要用在从句中
2、，名词主语用在主句中，例如：When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.(二)人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语，但在口语中也能作主语补语，第一人称在省略句中，还可以作主语。如：I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.(her做宾语，them做介词宾语her做主语补语) Who broke the vase? Me.。(me做主语补语,相当于Its me.) 说明：在上面两例句中，her和me分别作主语补语。现代英语中多用宾格，在正文体中这里应为she和I。(三)人称代词的宾
3、格有：me、him、her、it、us、you、them(四)人称代词的宾格在句中作宾语，往往用在动词或介词后面。如：Listen to me, Dad. Peter is sitting behind me. Let me go there now. Give me an orange, please.(五)you既是“你”或“你们”的主格，又是它们的宾格；her既是“她”的所有格，又是它的宾格。我们可以根据它们在句子中的位置来判断它们属于主格、所有格还是宾格。(六)and是一个我们常用来连接两个词的连接词。它虽然与介词with有同样的意思，但它的前后可以是人称代词的主语，也可以是人称代词的
4、宾格，而with只能跟人称代词的宾格。如： You and I are going to school. You are going to school with me.(七)人称代词的主格和宾格 单数形：Ime, youyou, hehim, sheher, itit(共5对) 复数形：weus, youyou, theythem(共3对) / (八)人称代词在句中的作用 1.主格作主语。如：I am Chinese.2.宾格作宾语，放在及物动词或介词之后，有时还可以在口语中用作表语。如: (1)I dont know her.(动词宾语) (2)Whats wrong with it?(介
5、词宾语) (3)Open the door, please. Its me.(表语)关于人称代词用法需注意的问题: .在than / as引导的比较状语从句中常有省略, 注意其中的人称代词作主语用主格, 作宾语用宾格. 在这类从句中, 在不引起误解的情况下, 有时用宾格代词代替主格代词 a. He likes Mary better than I ( like Mary ).他比我更喜欢玛丽 b. He likes Mary better than ( he likes ) me他喜欢我,更喜欢玛丽 c. He is taller than I / me. .在强调句中, 若被强调的部分是代词
6、, 则其格不变, 如: a. It was I who first opened the door this morning. b. It was me whom they talked about. .人称代词单独使用或是在not之后, 常用宾格 a. “ I like English. ” “ Me too.” b. “ Would you like more wine ?” “ Not me.” .在同位语中, 人称代词的格视与之同位的词在句中的成分而定, 如: a. We, Tom and I, showed her many wonderful pictures. b. She sh
7、owed us, Tom and me, many wonderful pictures. . 人称代词在代替一些不定代词, 如: anybody, everybody, anyone, someone, no one, whoever及person等这些无明确对象的代词或名词时, 在正式场合用he / his / him代替, 在非正式场合用they / them / their代替, 如: a. Nobody came, did he/they ? b. Whoever comes, tell him / them the news. .在be或to be之后的人称代词的格应根据它所指代的
8、名词或代词在句中的成分而定 a. I thought it was she. / I thought it to be her. b. I was taken to be she.我被当成了她. / They took me to be her.他们把我当成了她 .they可指“有关的人” “人们”, 相当于people, 如: a. They say the fire broke out at midnight. = People say the fire broke out at midnight. / It is said that the fire broke out at midni
9、ght. 二、代词主宾格替换 (一)宾格代替主格 1.在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在not后，多用宾语。 I like English. Me too. Have more wine? Not me.。2.在表示比较的非正式的文体中，常用宾格代替主格。但如果比较状语的谓语保留，则主语只能用主格。如：He is taller than I/me. He is taller than I am.(二)主格代替宾格 1.在介词but, except后，有时可用主格代替宾格。2.在电话用语中常用主格。 I wish to speak to Mary. This is she. 注意：在动词be或
10、to be后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定。 I thought it was she.(主格主格) I thought it to be her.(宾格宾格) I was taken to be she.(主格主格) They took me to be her.(宾格宾格)三、代词的指代 (一)that的指代作用 that指代不可数名词和单数可数名词(如是复数，用those)，后面通常跟有修饰语，如出现在比较结构中的that of，如： Conversation calls for a willingness to alternate the role of speaker with
11、that of listener, and it calls for occasional “digestive pauses” by both.这里that指代前面的the role. No bread eaten by man is so sweet as that earned by his own labor.(二)one的指代作用 one指代带不定冠词的单数可数名词，复数为ones. the one指代带定冠词的单数可数名词。如：A good writer is_ who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way. A.that B
12、.he C.one D.this Key:C(三)do的替代作用 do代替动词，注意数和时态的变化。如：or him to be re-elected, what is essential is not that his policy works, but that the public believe that it does.四、代词指代一致 代词指代一致是指指代的名词在性、数、格上是否一致，或者所照应的名词词组在某些方面是否保持一致。如： Each cigarette a person smokes does some harm, and eventually he may get a
13、serious disease from its effect.这里he指代前面的person。 It was during the 1920s that the friendship between the two American writers Hemingway and Fitzgerald reached its highest point.这里its指代前面的两人的friendship. Our department was monitored by two supervisors, Bill and me.这里me必须用宾格形。 代词指代一致必须注意以下几个原则和规律：(一)邻近
14、和靠近原则 由either.or, neither.nor, not only.but(also)连接先行词的时候，如果两个先行词在数和性上保持一致，就用其相应的一致的人称代词；如果两个先行词在数或性上不一致，人称代词一般与邻近的先行词在数和性上保持一致。 Neither Mary nor Alice has her key with her. Neither the package nor the letters have reached their destination. If either David or Janet comes, he or she will want a drin
15、k.(二)当each, everyone, everybody, no one, none, anybody, someone, somebody用作主语或主语的限定词的时候,或者anything, nothing, something, everything等不定代词作主语的时候，其相应的代词一般按照语法一致原则，采取单数形。如： Everybody talked at the top of his voice. None of the boys can do it, can he? Everything is ready, isnt it?(三)当主语为复数形，后跟each作同位语时，如果each位于动词之前，其后的代词或相应的限定词用复数形；如果each位于动词之后，其后的代词或相应的限定词用单数形。如： They each have two coats. We are each responsible for his own family.(四)由and连接两个先行词，代词用复
