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1、定语从句【考纲解读】根据考纲要求，考生应做到：1. 熟练掌握关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句；2. 区分限制性和非限制性定语从句；3. 定语从句中的主谓一致；4. which 与that的区别；as与which的区别；whose与of which 的转换。【预习导学】一、关系代词引导的定语从句1. who, whom, whose 弓丨导的定语从句(1) who或whom均可指代人，但 who在从句中作主语或宾语，whom在从句中作宾语；两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时，who/that不可省略；作宾语时，whom/who/that可以省略。 I ve become go
2、od friends with several ofthe students in my schoolI met i n the En glish speech con test last year.我与好几位去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的同校同学成了好朋友。 I have many friends toI m going to send post cards.我有很多打算寄贺卡给他们的朋友。(2) whose表所属关系，一般指人，也可指物，在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which ;指人时相当于 of whom。The school shop,customers are mainly stu
3、de nts, is closed for theholidays.这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。2. that, which引导的定语从句(1) which指物，在从句中可以作主语、宾语，也可作定语，作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物均可，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可以省略。She showed the visitors around the museumhad been constructedthree yearsbefore.她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。(2) 限制性定语从句中，关系代词只用that不用which的情况： 先行词为不定代词an
4、ything, nothing, something, everything, all, some, none, little,few, the one 等时。I refuse to accept the blame for someth ingwas some one else s fault.我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。 先行词是形容词最高级或序数词，或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。The first placethey visited in Guili n was Elepha nt Trunk Hill.他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。 先行词被 the onl
5、y, the very, the last, the same, any, every, each, few, little, no,some, all 等修饰时。The only part of the mealI really liked was the dessert.这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。 先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。They will never forget the things and personsthey ve seen or heard of duringtheir long journ ey.他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。(3
6、) 关系词只用which而不用that的情况： 关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。The boy was away from home for a week,worried his pare nts very much.这个男孩离家一个星期了，这使他父母很担心。 当从句中的介词提前，构成“介词+关系代词”结构时。We live in an agemore in formatio n is available with greater ease tha n everbefore.我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。3. as引导的定语从句(1) as 可以引导限制性定语从句，常用于“ so/s
7、uch/the same +先行词+ as . ”结构中。Such mach inesare used in our workshop are made in China.像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。名师指津：which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容时只能位于主句之后。Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, which made one of the Chinesepeople s Iong-held dreams come true.(2013?安徽高考单选)莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久
8、以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。(2) as也可以引导非限制性定语从句，定语从句说明整个句子，可放在主句之前、之中或之后。常用的这种类似插入语的句式有：as the say ing goes, as is said above, as is men ti onedabove, as ofte n happe ns, as is ofte n the case, as is reported in the n ewspaper等。“You can t judge a book by its cover ，” the old saying goes.正如老话所说的那样：“人不可貌相。”二、关系副词引导
9、的定语从句1. where引导的定语从句where表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于“介词in/at/on+ which ”。Opposite is St.Paul s Church,you can hear some lovely music.(2015 北京高考单选)=Opposite is St.Paul s Church,you can hear some lovely music.对面是圣保罗大教堂，你们在那里能听到一些动听的音乐。名师指津：当先行词为 situation, case, stage, point, activity, atmosphere等抽象名词，且弓丨导词在
10、定语从句中表示事情发生的情况、阶段等时，常用关系副词where引导。They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other.他们已经到了必须分手的地步。2. when引导的定语从句whe n表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，相当于“介词in/at/o n/duri ng .+ which ”结构。I am look ing forward to the daymy daughter can read this book and know myfeeli ngs for her.(2014湖南高考单选 )我正
11、期盼那一天的到来，那时我女儿可以读这本书，并且了解我对她的感情。3. why引导的定语从句why表示原因，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于“介词 for + which ”结构。Do you know the reaso nhe didn t attend the meeting?你知道他没参加会议的原因吗？名师指津：非限制性定语从句中，常用for which 表示原因而不用 why。I had told them the reason, for which I didn t attend the meeting.我把理由告诉了他们，为此我没有去开会。三、“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句1 .介词
12、和关系代词的确定若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom指物时常用 which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词+whose+名词”结构。一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：(1) 先行词的意思(2) 从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配(3) 句子的意思 Trad ing leather shoes is the bus in essthe Greens are devoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。（be devoted to献身，致力于”） Care of the soul is a gradual processeven the sm
13、all details of lifeshould be con sidered.（2012湖南高考单选）心灵的呵护是一个渐进的过程，在这一过程中，即使是生活中微小的细节也应该考虑在内。 Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price （ = price） was veryreas on able.最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。2 “ of +关系代词”引导的定语从句在 some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代词或数词的前、后表示整体与部分的关系可
14、以用of which/whom 。He had a lot of friends, none would offer help to him when he was in trouble.他有许多朋友，但当他遇到麻烦时没有人会给他提供帮助。3.“介词+ where ”引导的定语从句有时“介词+ where”可以引导定语从句，此时要和“介词+ which”引导的定语从句从意思上加以区别。His head soon appeared out of the window, fromhe saw nothing but trees.他的头很快从窗口探了出来，从那里除了树木他什么也看不到。（from w
15、here相当于from outof the window ，而不是 from the window）【考点突破】考点1 as , which引导的非限制性定语从句1. It is a truly delightful place, looks the same as it must have done 100years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.（2015湖南，29）A. as B . where C . thatD. which2. China Today attracts a worldwide readership, shows that more and morepeople all over the world want to learn about Chi na.（2015福建，34）A. who B. whom C . that D. which3. The numbe
