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1、现在完成时专练 一、现在完成时概念:1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果. 2.表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在的动作或状态。结构：have/has + 过去分词 (当主语是第三人称单数时用has,其余人称用have。 过去分词:规则动词的过去分词构成与动词过去式相同;不规则动词需要特殊记忆。)否定式: 主语 + havent/hasnt + 过去分词 + 其他。 疑问式: Have /Has + 主语 + 过去分词 + 其他?简略答语: Yes, 主语 + have/has.(肯定)No, 主语 + havent/hasnt.(否定)用have, has填空:1.I _ t
2、old him the news. 2.She _ come back from school. 3.You _ won the game.4.They have bought a computer.(改成否定句) 5.He has lost his book.(先改成一般疑问句,再作肯定与否定回答)二、现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响.例如: I have just cleaned my clothes. 我刚洗过衣服。(“洗衣服”是发生在过去的动作，对现在造成的结果是“衣服干净了”） 2.I have just finished my work.（我刚做完工作。） 3.I
3、 havent finished the work yet.（我还没有做完工作。） 4.Has Bob had his lunch yet? （鲍布已经吃过中饭了吗？）现在完成时常用的时间状语有： （用于第一种概念）already（”已经”用于肯定句的中间和末尾处）；never (“从不” 用于中间处)； ever（”曾经”用于疑问句和肯定句的中间处）；just(“刚刚”用于中间处)； yet (“已经” 用于疑问句的末尾处 / “还”用于否定句的末尾处)或不加任何的时间状语，但不能和表示过去的时间状语连用.（1）already, just和yet: already, just和yet 表示到
4、现在为止动作或状态已经、刚刚或还没有发生。He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。 He has just seen the film.他刚刚看过这场电影。 He hasnt come back yet.他还没有回来。用 already或 yet1) Have they taken down the old pictures _? No, not _.2) Most of us have finished our compositions _3) He said he hadnt visited the exhibition _.（2）以ever和never:
5、 ever和never 表示到现在为止动作或状态曾经或从来没有发生过。This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。He has never been to Beijing.他从没有到过北京。（3）动作发生的次数: 若某一动作到现在为止已经发生了若干次,则要使用现在完成时。He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。（4）so far: so far往往表示到目前为止动作或状态已经发生。 He has got to Beijing so far.到目前为止他已到
6、了北京。 She has passed the examso far.到目前为止她已经通过了考试。三、Since 和 for 的用法 （用于第二种概念）表示过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态常用的时间状语有：for, since, how long, so far, these days等。Since+过去点的时间，for+一段时间（数词+量词），此划线部分用how long提问。He has been away for two years.他已走了两年。(for+时间段)He has been an English teacher since 1992.自从1992年以来他一直当英语教师。(
7、since+过去某一时刻)1、since短语或从句表示过去的动作延续至今，since之后的时间为一点。 如：Mr. Smith has worked here since 1984. 1984年以来，史密斯先生一直在这工作。Hes learned about 5,000 English words since he went to college. 他上大学以来大约学了五千个英语单词。2、for短语表示动作延续多长时间，for的宾语为时间段。 如：We have known each other for twenty years. 我们认识有二十年了。 I havent seen her fo
8、r a long time. 我好久没有见到她了。练习：用since和for填空1) _ two years2) _ two years ago 3) _last month 4) _ 1999 5) _ yesterday 6) _ 4 oclock 7) _ 4 hours8) _ an hour ago9) _ we were children 10) _ lunch time11) _ she left here 1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year before last. 2. Ive known him _ we were children.
9、 3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years. 4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years. 5. Its about ten years _ she left the city. 6. We have learned five lessons _ the beginning of this term. 7. Mrs Liao has been in hospital _last week. 8. I have stayed at my aunts _two weeks.三.“
10、终止”、“延续”要转换英语中的动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种,在现在完成时态中一定要注意动词这一特性,应将这类非延续性动词转换为延续性动词。如:“The cat play” has been on for half an hour.猫已经开演半个小时了。How long have you had this dictionary?这本字典你买了多久了?初中阶段常见的有:come-be, go out -be out, leave-be away (from), begin-be on, buy-have, borrow-keep , join-be a member / 介词短语, d
11、ie-be dead, become-be, open(v.)-be open(adj.) 等。注意非延续性动词： 非延续性动词用于现在完成时态，不能与 for 引导的表一段的时间状语连用。因为这个动作是不能延续一段时间的。初中阶段常用的非延续性动词有：come, go, move, arrive, leave, borrow, lend, buy, lose, finish, begin, start, get, receive, join, die, turn on,(off), put on, take off 等。如：She has bought the dictionary.延续性动
12、词有：be, live, teach, study, have, work等等。非延续性动词若要用for或since引导的时间状语，应找一个表示持续状态的词(既延续性动词)或词组来代替句中的非延续性动词。如下列表格：eg: He left his hometown last year. He has been away from his hometown for one year. (前)非延续性动词（短暂性动词） (后)延续性动词1) join-be in 2) get up -be up 3) borrow-keep 4) buy -have 5) leave-be away from6)
13、 become-be a member of 7) turn on off-be on off 8)begin start-be on 9) end finish something-be over 10) come go-be here there 11)come go to sp. reach arrive in get to sp.-be in sp. Or: be in live in stay at sp. 12) die-be dead 13) get to know -know 14) close open-be closed be open2.短暂性转换延续性arrive at
14、/in sp. get to/reach sp. come/go/move to sp. be in sp./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there1)He got to Beijing five minutes ago.He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _2)I moved to the USA last year. I _ _ _ the USA since _ _3)I went home yesterday. I _ _ _home for _ _.4)They came here last week. They _ _ here since _ _.come/go back, return be backcome/go out be out1)He came out two years ago. He _ _ _ for _ _.2)We return to Fuzhou yesterday. We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.become be1)I became a teacher in 2000. I _ _ a teacher for _ _.2)
