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1、Unit 4 Exploring plantsPart One: Teaching DesignPeriod 2: A lesson plan for Learning about Language(The Direct Object and Indirect Object)AimsTo help students learn about the Direct Object and Indirect Object To help students discover and learn to use some useful words and expressionsTo help student
2、s discover and learn to use some useful structuresProceduresI. Warming up by discuusingDo plants grow better if you talk to them?Last evening, after doing my homework, I spent several hours nursing my apartment full of sick plants. I fell to wondering: is it true what mom used to tell me, that plant
3、s enjoy being talked to? My mother taught me all I know about plant care, and I follow all her instructions to the letter (except the talking bit, which I always thought was crazy), yet her plants are infinitely healthier than mine. Is there any scientific evidence that plants respond to the human v
4、oice or presence? Do some people (like mom) give off vibes that plants really like while other peoples auras (my own, for instance) leave them cold? Might this have anything to do with the fact, known the world over, that babies always cry when held by certain people or that cats are passionately at
5、tracted to people who are deathly allergic to them? II. Discovering useful words and expressionsDo plants grow better if you talk to them? I dont know. Now lets go to page 34 to skim the two exercises text to get an overview of what are being talked about. Go to page 32 to scan the text for words an
6、d expressions to complete the two exercises on page 34. III. Revising Direct and Indirect SpeechWhen using indirect or reported speech, the form changes. Usually indirect speech is introduced by the verb said, as in I said, Bill said, or they said. Using the verb say in this tense, indicates that so
7、mething was said in the past. In these cases, the main verb in the reported sentence is put in the past. If the main verb is already in a past tense, then the tense changes to another past tense; it can almost be seen as moving even further into the past.Direct Speech Indirect Speech simple presentH
8、e said, “I go to school every day.” simple pastHe said (that) he went to school every day. simple past He said, “I went to school every day.” past perfectHe said (that) he had gone to school every day. present perfect He said, “I have gone to school every day.” past perfect He said (that) he had gon
9、e to school every day. present progressiveHe said, “I am going to school every day.” past progressiveHe said (that) he was going to school every day. past progressiveHe said, “I was going to school every day.” perfect progressiveHe said (that) he had been going to school every day, future (will)He s
10、aid, “I will go to school every day.” would + verb nameHe said (that) he would go to school every day. future (going to)He said, “I am going to school every day.” present progressiveHe said (that) he is going to school every day. past progressiveHe said (that) he was going to school every day Direct
11、 Speech Indirect Speech auxiliary + verb nameHe said, “Do you go to school every day?”He said, “Where do you go to school?” simple pastHe asked me if I went to school every day.*He asked me where I went to school. imperativeHe said, “Go to school every day.” infinitiveHe said to go to school every d
12、ay. The situation changes if instead of the common said another part of the very to say is used. In that case the verb tenses usually remain the same. Some examples of this situation are given below.Direct Speech Indirect Speech simple present + simple presentHe says, “I go to school every day.” sim
13、ple present + simple presentHe says (that) he goes to school every day. present perfect + simple presentHe has said, “I go to school every day.” present perfect + simple presentHe has said (that) he goes to school every day. past progressive + simple pastHe was saying, “I went to school every day.”
14、past progressive + simple pastHe was saying (that) he went to school every day. past progressive + past perfectHe was saying (that) he had gone to school every day. future + simple presentHe will say, “I go to school every day.” future + simple presentHe will say (that) he goes to school every day.
15、Another situation is the one in which modal constructions are used. If the verb said is used, then the form of the modal, or another modal that has a past meaning is used. Direct Speech Indirect Speech canHe said, “I can go to school every day.” couldHe said (that) he could go to school every day. mayHe said, “I may go to school every day.” mightHe said (that) he might go to school every day. mightHe said, “I might go to school every day.” mustHe said, “I must go to school every day.” had toHe said (that) he had to
