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1、精品文档Introduce SpainWidely known for Flamenco music and dance, bull-fights, fantastic beaches and lots of sunshine, Spain has to offer much more than that. It is a fascinating country to know and to know more about it.1. HistoryThe Kingdom of Spain was created in 1492 with the unification of the King
2、dom of Castile and the Kingdom of Aragon. In this year it was also the first voyage of Christopher Columbus to the New World, beginning the development of the Spanish Empire. The Inquisition was established and Jews and Muslims who refused to convert were expelled from the country.For the next three
3、 centuries Spain was the most important colonial power in the world. It was the most powerful state in Europe and the foremost global power during the 16th century and the greater part of the 17th century. Spanish literature and fine arts, scholarship and philosophy flourished during this time. Spai
4、n established a vast empire in the Americas, stretching from California to Patagonia, and colonies in the western Pacific.Spains European wars, however, led to economic damage, and the latter part of the 17th century saw a gradual decline of power under an increasingly neglectful and inept Habsburg
5、regime. The decline culminated in the War of Spanish Succession, which ended with the relegation of Spain from the position of a leading western power, to that of a secondary one, although it remained the leading colonial power.Following a period of growing political instability in the early 20th ce
6、ntury, in 1936 Spain was plunged into a bloody civil war. The war ended in a nationalist dictatorship, led by Francisco Franco which controlled the Spanish government until 1975. Spain was officially neutral during World War II, although many Spanish volunteers fought on both sides. The post-war dec
7、ades were relatively stable ，and the country experienced rapid economic growth in the 1960s and early 1970s. The death of Franco in 1975 resulted in the return of the Bourbon monarchy headed by Prince Juan Carlos. While tensions remain (for example, with Muslim immigrants and in the Basque region),
8、modern Spain has seen the development of a robust, modern democracy as a constitutional monarchy with popular King Juan Carlos, one of the fastest-growing standards of living in Europe, entry into the European Community, and the 1992 Summer Olympics.2. MadridThe capital of Spain since 1562 is locate
9、d at the geographic center of the Iberian Peninsula. Because of its central location and high altitude, the climate of Madrid is characterized by warm dry summers and cool winters.Madrid is a city of great monuments. Among its highlights are the medieval centers dating back to the Habsburg Empire an
10、d the Prado Museum.But Madrid is not just a cultural destination. It is also a lively metropolis with many pubs, cafes, discotheques and nightclubs open late into the night. Dont be surprised if you get stuck in a traffic jam at four in the morning, and the people you meet are not necessarily going
11、off to work.3. BarcelonaBarcelona, located at the Mediterranean Sea in the very north of the Spanish coast, is certainly the most cosmopolitan and economically most active city in this country.精品文档精品文档It has always proved its will to be modern, to follow the latest international tendencies or be ahe
12、ad of them. To the tourist this is evident especially in its architecture, which so well reflects the general approach to life in this always pulsating city.Of course, Barcelona has an old history, and there are monuments of Romanesque, Gothic and Renaissance periods or still before, but most charac
13、teristic is what has been built during the last, say, 100 years.Barcelona has been a center of Modernist architecture and is distinguished especially by the works of genial Antonin Gaudi, who together with his great contemporaries gave new and exciting looks to it, but has remained since then at the
14、 top of modernity.4. LiteratureThe term Spanish literature refers to literature written in the Spanish language, including literature composed in Spanish by writers not necessarily from Spain.Due to historic, geographic and generational diversity, Spanish literature has known a great number of influ
15、ences and it is very diverse. Catalan literature, Basque literature and Galician literature, etc.Miguel de Cervantes is probably Spains most famous author and his Don Quixote is considered the most emblematic work in the canon of Spanish literature and a founding classic of Western literature.5. Tom
16、ato FightSurely the worlds biggest food-fight: every year around 30, 00 people descend on the Spanish town of Bunzl (in the Valencia region of Spain) to throw more than 240,000 pounds of tomatoes at each other.The festival on the last Wednesday of August is called the Tomcatting and is basically a town-wide tomato fight. It is thought the tradition began in 194
