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1、2022年考博英语-中国艺术研究院考前拔高综合测试题（含答案带详解）1. 单选题Having gone through all kinds of hardships in life, he became a famous clown with a strong（ ）.问题1选项A.philosophyB.mannerC.personalityD.idealism【答案】C【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项philosophy“哲学，哲理”；B选项manner“方式，习惯”；C选项personality“个性，品格”；D选项idealism“唯心主义”。句意：经历了生活中的种种艰辛，他成为了一个著名的
2、有着明显个性的小丑。选项C符合语境。2. 单选题It is an astonishing fact that there are laws of nature, rules that summarize conveniently（1） qualitatively but quantitativelyhow the world works. We might（2）a universe in which there are no such laws, in which the 1080 elementary particles that（3）a universe like our own beha
3、ve with utter and uncompromising abandon. To understand such a universe we would need a brain（4）as massive as the universe. It seems（5）that such a universe could have life and intelligence, because being and brains（6）some degree of internal stability and order. But（7）in a much more random universe t
4、here were such beings with an intelligence much（8）than our own, there could not be much knowledge, passion or joy.（9）for us, we live in a universe that has at least important parts that are knowable. Our common-sense experience and our evolutionary history have（10）us to understand something of the w
5、orkaday world. When we go into other realms, however, common sense and ordinary intuition（11）highly unreliable guides. It is stunning that as we go close to the speed of light our mass（12）indefinitely, we shrink toward zero thickness（13）the direction of motion, and time for us comes as near to stopp
6、ing as we would like. Many people think that this is silly, and every week（14）I get a letter from someone who complains to me about it. But it is virtually certain consequence not just of experiment but also of Albert Einsteins（15）analysis of space and time called the Special Theory of Relativity. I
7、t does not matter that these effects seem unreasonable to us. We are not（16）the habit of traveling close to the speed of light. The testimony of our common sense is suspect at high velocities.The idea that the world places restrictions on（17）humans might do is frustrating. Why shouldnt we be able to
8、 have intermediate rotational positions? Why cant we（18）faster than the speed of light? But（19）we can tell, this is the way the universe is constructed. Such prohibitions not only（20）us toward a little humility; they also make the world more knowable.问题1选项A.justB.veryC.just notD.not just问题2选项A.seeB.
9、findC.imagineD.believe问题3选项A.make forB.make ofC.make upD.make from问题4选项A.at leastB.at mostC.at lastD.at the cost问题5选项A.likelyB.unlikelyC.reallyD.virtually问题6选项A.wantB.demandC.requireD.acquire问题7选项A.unlessB.untilC.ifD.even if问题8选项A.moreB.largerC.biggerD.greater问题9选项A.FortunatelyB.UnfortunatelyC.Happi
10、lyD.Unhappily问题10选项A.providedB.preparedC.armedD.equipped问题11选项A.turn toB.turn onC.turn out to beD.turn away from问题12选项A.decreasesB.increasesC.reducesD.advances问题13选项A.inB.atC.withD.from问题14选项A.or twoB.and twoC.even twoD.of two问题15选项A.cleverB.wiseC.brilliantD.intelligent问题16选项A.ofB.inC.withD.at问题17选项
11、A.thatB.whichC.matterD.what问题18选项A.goB.walkC.travelD.run问题19选项A.whetherB.unlessC.so farD.so far as问题20选项A.pressB.haveC.makeD.entail【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B第6题:C第7题:D第8题:D第9题:A第10题:B第11题:C第12题:B第13题:A第14题:A第15题:C第16题:B第17题:D第18题:C第19题:D第20题:A【解析】1.考查固定搭配。not just.but是固定句型，意为“不仅而且”。原文指的是自然法则不仅从性质
12、上而且从数量上概括了世界是如何运转的，选项D符合原文语境。2.考查上下文语义。根据后面的描述可知，这里是作者进行的一个假设，所以这里应该填入动词imagine“想象”，选项C符合语境。3.考查词组辨析。A选项make for“导致，有助于”；B选项make of“了解”；C选项make up“组成，构成”；D选项make from“由制造”。根据句意可知，这里是指“由1080个基本粒子构成的宇宙”，选项C符合句意。4.考查词组辨析。A选项at least“至少”；B选项at most“至多”；C选项at last“最后，终于”；D选项at the cost“以为代价”。根据句意“要理解这样一个
13、宇宙，我们至少需要一个和宇宙一样大的大脑。”选项A符合语境。5.考查副词辨析。A选项likely“很可能，或许”；B选项unlikely“不太可能”；C选项really“实际上，真正地”；D选项virtually“事实上，几乎”。结合上下文的语境可知“这样的宇宙似乎不太可能有生命和智慧”，选项B符合语境。6.考查近义词辨析。A选项want“想要”；B选项demand“强烈要求”；C选项require“需要”；D选项acquire“获得”。根据句意“因为人类和大脑都需要某种程度的内部稳定和秩序。”demand语气过于强硬，选项C更符合语境。7.考查连词辨析。根据句意“在一个更加随机的宇宙中存在着
14、比我们更加聪明的生命，也不会有太多的知识、激情或欢乐。”这里应填入表示让步的连词，所以只有选项D正确。8.考查上下文语义。根据句意可知，这里是说宇宙中存在着比我们更加聪明的生命。选项D符合语境。9.考查上下文语义。上文提到作者所假设的宇宙中充满了未知，下文则讲述“我们生活在一个至少重要部分是可知的宇宙中。”由此可知，这对于我们来说是一件幸运的事，所以选项A符合语境。10.考查动词辨析。A选项provide“提供”；B选项prepare“准备”；C选项arm“武装”；D选项equip“装备”。根据句意“我们的常识性经验和我们的进化史已经为我们理解日常世界的一些事情做好了准备。”选项B符合语境。11.考查词组辨析。A选项turn to“转向，变成”；B选项turn on“打开”；C选项turn out to be“结果是，被证明是”；D选项turn away from“远离”。根据句意“然而，当我们进入其他领域时，常识和普通直觉被证明是非常不可靠的向导。”选项C符合语境。12.考查动词辨析。A选项decrease“减少，降低”；B选项increa
