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1、初中英语语法：被动语态 2013.10语态是动词的一种形式,表示句子中主语和谓语动词的关系,主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。只有及物动词才能用于被动语态。一被动语态的时态：PP(表示动词的过去分词)1.一般现在时的被动语态： am /is/ are +动词的过去分词2.一般过去时的被动语态： was /were +动词的过去分词3.一般将来时的被动语态： will be +动词的过去分词4.现在进行时被动语态：am /is /are +being +PP5.现在完成时的被动语态：have /has +been +PP 6.情态动词的被动语态：情态动词 + be
2、+PP二被动语态的基本用法: (1) 需要强调动作的承受者时：The Great Wall is enjoyed by millions of people all over the world. English is widely spoken in the world now.(2) 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者时Mr. Wang is invited to the meeting today .The problem is dealt with now .(3) 当说话人需要强调客观时It is said that she was a beauty when she was young
3、 .三主动主动语态变被动语态的变法：口诀：宾变主，主变宾，谓变be done ,时不变，数格必须随被变。注：1.主动、被动的时态要一致。2.主动、被动的句式要一致。3.变成的被动语态的主语与谓语在单复数上保持一致。主动语态转换为被动语态的步骤：1.把原主动句中的宾语转换为被动语态的主语2. 把动词改为被动语态形式即be+过去分词。3. 原来主动语态句子中的主语,如果需要就放在by的后面以它的宾格形式出现(因为by是介词,后面需跟宾格作介词的宾语。)以指明做事的人或物,如果没有必要,可以省略。歌诀：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。 4.其它成分不变 5. 被
4、动语态中by+宾语的省略：被动语态句式中的by+宾语表示及物动词所表示动作的执行者,但是在遇到以下情况时,表示动作执行者by +宾语常常被省略。(1) 动作执行者不确定时 Paper is made from wood .Many people are killed in traffic accidents every year .(2) 不必表明动作执行者时： English is also spoken as the second language as well as one of the official languagesFootball is played in most scho
5、ols。(3 ) 动作执行者为一般大众时：Both English and Spanish are spoken in this area.一般过去时的被动语态的基本句式：(1) 肯定式:主语+ was /were +过去分词+byIt was made in Beijing Renai Education Institute .(2) 否定式:主语+was /were + not + 过去分词+ byShe was not given a paniting by him .This question was not discussed at the meeting yesterday .(3
6、) 一般疑问句:Was /Were + 主语+过去分词+by ?Was it made of bamboo?(4) 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was/were + 过去分词+byWhat was is made of ?教你一招：如果句子为一般现在时,主动语态用do/does ,被动语态用is/am /are ；如果句子为一般过去时,主动语态用did ,被动语态用was /were . 由情态动词构成的被动语态的基本句式：(1) 肯定式:主语+情态动词+be+ 过去分词Water can be changed into ice. She ought to tidy up her bedroom-
7、Her bedroom ought to be tidied up.You should buy a dictionary at once -A dictionary should be bought at once by you.(2) 否定式:主语+ 情态动词+not +be +过去分词+byYou must not take out any books .- Any books mustnt be taken out by you .They neednt look after the little child -The little child neednt be looked aft
8、er (by them)(3) 疑问句:情态动词+主语+be +过去分词+by Can you use it ?-Can it be used ? 常见的情态动词有:can,may, ought to, must , dare , need,should.主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况: 1, 当宾语是反身代词时 The man introduced himself as Mr.Parker .2,当谓语是表示状态的及物动词时 Does the pair of new shoes suit you? We will have a meeting .四特殊情况的被动语态： 1.带双宾语的被动语态
9、：动词+ sb(间宾) +sth(直宾) 口诀：如遇双宾语，一般变间宾，若把直宾变，to /for 间宾连。1).give/pass /show 与介词to 搭配。give sb sth sb +be given sth 或 sth +be given +to sb . 2).buy /make/ cook 与介词for 搭配。buy sb sth sb +be bought + sth 或 sth +be bought +for sb He gave me a book .I _ _ a book by him. A book _ _ _ me by him . My mother made
10、 me a cake . I _ _ a cake by my mother A cake _ _ _ me by my mother . 2.带省to 的不定式作宾补的被动语态：动词+ sb + do sth . 口诀：感使动词真叫怪，to来to去记心怀，主动语态to离去被动语态to回来。动词：make / let /have /see /hear /feel /watch make sb do sth -sb + be +made +to do sth / The boss made the workers work all day The workers _ _ _ work all d
11、ay by the boss.3. see /hear /notice /keep +sb +doing sth 句型中变被动语态时doing 不变。I heard Tom singing just now .Tom _ _ _ by me just now . 4.以动词短语作谓语的主动语态变被动语态时，不可丢掉后面的介词或副词。 We should take care of the old . The old should _ _ _ _ .五注意事项：1.有些及物动词或动词短语不能用于被动语态：last ,have ,own .belong to ,suitfine ,2.不及物动词是没
12、有被动语态：happen ,take place ,appear , hold (容纳) 3.系动词是没有被动语态：Look, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste .The dish tastes good .4.有些词组没有被动语态：sell well , write well ,ride well ,drive well This kind of skirt sells well.5.need表示需要时，后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done . All the computers need repairing .=All the computer
13、s need _ _ _ .6.在tooto及enough to 结构中有时表示被动意义。The problem is too difficult to solve. 与被动语态相关的句型有 （1）It is said that. 据说/ It is reported that. 据报道、It is believed that. 大家相信/ It is hoped that.大家希望/It is well known that.众所周知/It is thought that.大家认为/It is suggested that. 据建议/ It is taken for granted that
14、. 被视为当然/It has been decided that. 已决定/It must be remembered that.务必记住的是(2). be made of 由制作（发生物理变化）be made from由制作（发生化学变化）be made in 由（某地）制造 be made by 被（某人）制造 (3). be used for被用来 be used to do sth.被用来做某事 be used as 被当作（作为）来使用 (4). be covered with被覆盖 be filled with被充满被动语态专项练习： A组：单选 中考真题( )1.English
15、_ in many countries,but Chinese _ their own language . A.is spoken；speaks B.speaks；is spoken C.is spoken；speak D.is spoken；is spoken ( )2.Usually computers _ to search the Internet.A.use B.are using C.are used D.used( )3.Many trees and flowers _in our school last year, and they made our school a beautiful gardenA.plant
